Promotion Methods of Environmental Policies of Local Governments

在地方政府的各类政策中，环境政策的优先性已经变得非常高和重要。本研究考察了对地方政府负责的政策的实际执行过程。本文研究的主要内容为：(1)地方政府办污水处理厂能耗效率的比较方法；(2)固体废物管理决策过程评价；（三）地方政府环境信息管理与利用的实践；(4)提出了人民参与地方政府政策形成的决策过程。在研究课题(1)中，利用日本污水工程协会汇总的历史数据中收集的数据，对日本1859个污水处理厂的能耗效率进行了比较。根据不同的处理工艺类型和区域特点，确定并提出了能耗标准值。在研究课题(2)中发现，固体废物收集费用的低价格不利于保持系统的可持续性。似乎重要的是，在固体废物管理奖励制度中向该区域人民提供明确的目的、资料和参与计划。在研究课题(3)中，考察了地方政府环境方面的管理制度，并提出了适当的环境数据向公众公开的方法。在对日本60个城市的主页表现进行的初步分析中，东京都、横滨、鸟取县、美州、岐阜、德岛、歌川、茨城县等地受到了“学生市民”的评价。在研究课题(4)中，将系统动力学的方法应用于地方政府的政策制定过程，以寻求鼓励公民参与的可能方案。本文以群马县的两个区域发展规划为例进行了实证研究。结果表明，该方法可以有效地将市民的反馈纳入区域发展规划过程。少

The priority of the environmental policies has come to be very high and important in the various types of policies of the Local Governments. The actual execution processes of the policies responsible to the local governments were examined in the present research. The topics those discussed in the present research were (1)Comparisons methods of the energy consumption efficiency in the wastewater treatment plant operated under the responsibility of the local governments ; (2)Evaluation of the decision making processes of solid wastes management ; (3)Practice of the management and utilization of environmental information in the local governments ; (4)Proposal of the decision making processes of people's participation in the policy formation of local governments.In the research topic (1), the comparison of the energy consumption efficiency among the all treatment plants of 1859 in number in Japan was carried out using the data collected in the historical data summarized by the Japan Associ … More ation of Sewage Works. The standard values of the energy consumption depending on the type of treatment processes and regional characteristics were determined and proposed.In the research topic (2), it was found that the low price of the solid waste collection fee was not good to keep the systems sustainable. It seems important to give clear purposes, information, and participation schemes to people of the region in the incentive systems for solid wastes management.In the research topic (3), the administration systems of the local governments for the environmental aspects were investigated and appropriate methods of disclosing the environmental data to the public were proposed. In the tentative analysis of the home page performances of 60 cities in Japan, Tokyo, Yokohama, Tottori, Me, Gifu, Tokushima, Kagawa, and Ibaragi prefectures are appreciated by the assumed citizens of students.In the research topic (4), the method of systems dynamics was applied to the policy making processes of the local government for a possible scheme of encouraging the participation of citizens. As examples of the method, two plans of the regional development in Gunma Prefecture were examined in the present research. It was shown that the method was usable effectively to include responses from citizens in the planning process of the regional development. Less