Effect of compost mixed with native soil animals and microorganism

将碎木和牛粪制成三种不同的堆肥，其中含有原生微生物（堆肥M），原生土壤动物（堆肥A）和原生微生物和动物（堆肥MA）。为了比较，还制备了不添加这些的堆肥（堆肥C）。以小松菜（Brassica rapa var. peruviridis）、高粱和果园草。小松菜和高粱在堆肥M和MA的情况下生长稍好。虽然果园草表现最好的堆肥M，生长不如那些与传统的化学肥料。比较了牛、鹿、猪、鸡4种畜禽粪便制成的堆肥在3天翻一次（S翻）和每月翻一次（L翻）3个月后的土壤动物种类。在所有S形堆肥中，螨虫数量丰富，占土壤动物的90%以上，而在由牛和鹿粪便制成的L形堆肥中，弹尾目动物占20-30%。在生菜田中还调查了土壤动物对堆肥中线虫的作用。堆肥中土壤动物数量增加越多，线虫数量越少，二者呈负相关（r=0.695）。与施用商业堆肥的田地相比，施用土壤动物丰富的堆肥的田地土壤动物数量较多，但线虫数量较少。土壤动物分析表明甲螨和革螨可能抑制了线虫的增加。这些结果表明，堆肥与丰富的土壤动物将促进土壤动物的多样性，并可能抑制线虫在施肥领域。

Chipped wood and cattle manure were made into three different composts with native microorganisms (compost M), native soil animals (compost A) and both native microorganisms and animals (compost MA). For comparison, compost without adding these was also made (compost C). The composts were evaluated in terms of growth performances of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. peruviridis), sorghum and orchard grass. The komatsuna and sorghum grew slightly better with the composts M and MA. Although the orchard grass performed best with the compost M, the growth was not as well as those with a conventional chemical fertilizer. Species of soil animals were compared among composts that were made of manures of cattle, deer, pigs and chickens and were either turned every 3 days (S-turn) or every month (L-turn) for three months. While mites were far abundance as occupying more than 90% of soil animals in all the S-turn composts, collembola were dominant as 20-30% in the L-turn composts made of cattle and deer manure. Roles of soil animals for nematodes in composts were also investigated in a lettuce field. The more the increase of soil animals in the composts the less the number of nematodes and there was a negative correlation (r=0.695) between the numbers of soil animals and nematodes in the composts. The fields fertilized with composts which were abundant in soil animals had higher numbers of soil animals but less nematodes compared with the fields fertilized with commercially prepared composts. Analyses of soil animals suggested that oribatida and gamasida mites might have suppressed increase of nematodes. These results indicate that fertilizing with composts which are abundant in soil animals will encourage diversity of soil animals and may suppress nematodes in the fertilized field.