Safe and Easy Transfer Skills for Transferring Patients from Bed to Wheelchair.

本研究旨在探讨脑卒中偏瘫病人与护士在身高差异时，护士与病人之间的简易转运技巧。作者拍摄了护士将一名正常受试者从床上转移到轮椅上的过程，并使用三维生物力学分析和测力板进行了运动分析。受试者模拟右侧偏瘫患者。本文首先对康复中心专科护士和护理专业学生的站立、翻身和坐下技能进行了记录和分析。然后将运动分类为“提升”，“伸展臀部”和“弯曲膝盖”以帮助起身和坐下。专家护士的特征动作是“屈膝”，以帮助起床和坐下。我们还观察了护士为防止下背部疼痛和支持患者自然运动而使用的动作。我们相信这些技巧对指导护士及护生的转移技巧有帮助，当高个子及矮个子护生模仿专家护士将受试者从床上转移到轮椅上时，他们都能很容易地协助转移。比较床底高度分别为病人下肢长度的120%、140%和160%时护士的下背部工作负荷。140%的高度对于最小工作负荷是最合适的。当病人和护士之间的身高有差异时，护士在协助病人从床上转移到轮椅上时会遇到困难。但在这种情况下，如果护士模仿专家护士的转移动作，调整床的高度，就能轻松转移病人。

The purpose of this study was to find easy transfer skills for nurses and stroke patients with hemiplegia when there was a difference in height between patient and nurse. The authors videotaped nurses transferring a normal subject from bed to wheelchair, and a motion analysis was done using three-dimensional biomechanical analysis and a force plate. The subjects simulated a patient with hemiplegic paralysis of the right side. The authors analyzed practical skills for assisting patients in standing up, turning and sitting down.First, we recorded and analyzed the skills of expert nurses working in a rehabilitation center and nursing students. Movements were then classified as "lifting", "extending the hips" and "bending the knee" to assist getting up and sitting down. The characteristic movement exhibited by expert nurses was "bending the knee" to assist getting up and sitting down. We also observed the motions used by the nurses to prevent lower back pain and to support the patient's natural movements. We believe that these skills are useful in the instruction of transfer skills for nurses and nursing students.When both taller and shorter students imitated the expert nurses' movements in transferring subjects from bed to wheelchair, they could assist transferring easily. Then we compared the nurses' lower back work load when the bottom of the bed was at a height of 120%, 140% and 160% of the patient's lower leg length. A height of 140% was the most appropriate for minimum work load. When there was a difference in height between patient and nurse, nurses experienced difficulty in assisting transfer from bed to wheelchair. But in such cases, if nurses imitated expert nurses' transfer movements and adjusted the height of the bed, they were able to transfer patients easily.