Investigation of ancient settlements and bronze artifacts by geophysical prospecting methods

将物探方法应用于考古研究有以下几个目的：1)有效、准确地利用物探方法，确定占用较大空间面积的古宫廷、地方政府、寺庙和聚落的区域。对于考古研究和对这些遗址的挖掘，由于挖掘如此大的区域所需的大量时间以及挖掘预算的限制，很难使用普通的挖掘程序来确定边界和内部结构。为了使地球物理测量能够绘制地下考古地图，需要在周围的地下土壤和考古目标之间进行对比。地球物理设备可以测量地下材料的对比的物理现象包括土壤电阻、磁化率、介电和电导率(这在微波的反射和衰减中非常重要)。2)确定遗址内随机埋藏青铜制品的位置，这些青铜制品在弥合时期很常见。由于这些考古条件，很难通过简单的地面观察来估计文物被埋在哪里的确切位置。为了帮助这些大面积考古遗址的研究和青铜器的定位，本项目采用了电阻率、磁测量、探地雷达(GPR)和电磁法(EM)等地球物理测量方法来完成研究目的。根据研究得出的最终结论是，首先使用探地雷达识别地下结构，然后应用电阻率和磁测方法来证实探地雷达调查中首次识别的结果。对于青铜器的定位，电磁法是有效的，探地雷达、电阻率、磁测量可以为了解它们的埋藏位置提供额外的信息。

There are several purposes for applying geophysical prospecting methods in archaeological research :1) To define the area of ancient palace, local government, temple and settlement sites, which occupy large spatial areas by using geophysical prospecting methods effectively and precisely. For archaeological research and excavation on these sites, it is difficult to identify the boundaries and inner structure by using common excavation procedures, becouse of the immense amount of time required to excavate such large areas, as well as from limitations of excavation budgets. For geophysical surveying to be able to map the subsurface archaeology, contrasts between the surrounding subsoils and the archaeological targets is required.The physical phenomena which geophysical equipment can measure contrasts in subsurface materials include soil resistanse, susceptibility, dielectric and conductivity (ehich is important in the reflection and attenuation of microwaves).2) To identify the location where bronze objects, common in Yayoi period, are buried randomly within a site. Because of these archaeological conditions, it is difficult to estimate the exact location where the artifact is buried by simple observation of the ground surface. To help the research of those wide area archaeological sites and to locate bronze artifacts, geophysical surveying methods such as resistivity, magnetometry, GPR (ground penetrating redar) and electromagnetic method (EM) were employed in this program to accomplish the research objective.A final conclusion based on the research indicates that it is important to employ GPR first for identifying subsurface structures and to apply resistivity and magnetometry method as a way to corroborate the results first recognized in the GPR survey. For locating bronze artifacts, the EM method is effective, and GPR,resistivity, magnetometry can provide the additional information for understanding the location where they are buried.