High-and poly-functionation of biomass-derived carbon by composting with metal-Production of crystallized and mesoporous carbon

研究了不同镍和钙含量的落叶松在不同的氦气流中以不同的升温速率在70 0~90 0℃下炭化0~2 0h，以考察这些因素对碳结晶(T组分的形成)和中孔的形成以及液化和气化产物的数量和性质的影响。结果表明，制备具有足够导电性和液体吸附能力的双功能炭的适宜反应条件为：镍负载量为2%，无钙共负载，炭化温度85 0~90 0℃，保温时间1.0~1.5h，升温速率10℃min~(-1)，氦气流量11.6~23.2mLSTPcm~(-2)~(-2)。还证实了介孔的形成是以BET比表面积为代价的，与T分量的形成是平行的。多孔性、BFT比表面积、T组分之间的密切关系可以用碳的结晶诱导微孔向中孔聚合的情况来解释。在适当的条件下，随着醋酸量的增加，可以得到适量的具有一定相对分子质量的含油馏分。可燃气体组分，特别是氢气的含量也显著增加。这些特点表明，镍催化碳化是一种创新的木质生物质的非化学转化过程，能够同时联产能源和材料。在此基础上，以实际生产为前提，对结晶介孔碳源蕨类木质素进行了粉碎和酸洗。结果表明，二次处理碳的双官能度大大提高，表明二次处理碳作为高性能碳电极具有广阔的应用前景。

Larch loaded with different amouunts of nickel and calcritun was carbonized at 700-900℃ for 0-2.0 h with a different heating rate in a different flow of helium to examine the influence of these variables on the crystallization of carbon (the formation of T component) and the development of mesopore, in addition to amounts and properties of liquefied and gasified products. As the result, such proper reaction conditions as the combination of nickel loading of 2 % without co-loading of calcium, carbonization temperature of 850-900℃ with holding time of 1.0 to 1.5 h, heating rate of 10℃min^<-1>, helium flow of 11.6-23.2 ml STPcm^<-2>mini^<-1> were established for effectively producing the dual functional carbon having adequate electroconductivity and liquid adsorption capacity. It is also confirmed that mesoporosity developed at the cost of BET surface area in parallel with the formation of T component. The close relationship among meroporosity, BFT surface area, T component could be well explained by the situation that the crystallization of carbon would induce coalescence of micropore into mesopore. Under the proper conditions, oily fraction with law molecular weight was obtained in a moderate amount accompanying with an increased quantity of acetic acid. The amount of combustible gaseous fraction, particularly hydrogen also also was considerably increased. These features make clear that the nickel-catalyzed carbonization is an innovative thennochemical conversion process of woody biomass enabling the simultaneous co-production of energy and material. Furthermore, pulverization and acid-washing of crystallized mesoporous carbon derived fern lignin was carried out by assuming a practical manufacturing. The result disclosed that the dual functionality was greatly enhanced, indicating a promising application of the secondary treated carbon as a high-performance carbon electrode.