An Empirical Research on the Agricultural Collectivization and the Change of the Village Structure in Post-War East Germany

本文的目的是对1952-1961年梅克伦堡-福尔波默恩的集团化进程和村落结构的变迁进行实证研究。首先，它集中在1)新老农民村庄的区别，2)东部地区的农村难民问题，3)村内谷仓和房屋等建筑冲突。在克雷萨切夫·巴德杜贝兰有28个档案，关于1950年S在该县集体农场的形成和发展。仔细阅读后，我惊讶地发现集团化的多样性。首先，在土地改革实际上导致社会混乱的新农村，集团化是解决这种情况的措施之一。我们在这里发现了两条不同的通往液化石油气的道路，S在1950年的时候，在几个村子里，少数民族建立了自己的液化石油气，目的是为了保存村里的谷仓等物质资源。然而，他们这次尝试失败了，因为o…“6·17”的影响较大，而且经常导致液化石油气的溶解。另一方面，LPG也有一些成功的例子，它们发展了自己的组织，抵御了6·17的影响。他们成功地从上头获得了建造新的现代化谷仓的资金。第二，在旧农庄，不仅难民的涌入，而且1952-1953年间针对格罗斯鲍尔的政策也对社会结构产生了重大影响。重要的是，村里的其他人同意清洗“Grossbauern”。霍亨费尔德的液化石油气是由一群新难民农民于1953年建立的，我对此进行了详细的调查。该公司的基础是从一个分崩离析的格罗斯鲍恩获得的丰富物质资源。此外，1955年的乡村农场(OLB)导致了液化石油气的扩张和内部结构的变化，并伴随着村外新农村技术官僚的出现。留在村里的“格罗斯鲍恩”家庭成员通过结婚、加入液化石油气和在MTS工作来适应这种情况。较少

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the process of collectivization and the change of the village structure empirically in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1952-1961. Above all it focuses upon 1)the difference between new- and old-farmer villages, 2)the problems of rural refugees from the eastern territories, and 3)conflicts of building such as barns and houses within the village.In Kreisarchv Bad Doberan there are 28 files on forming and development of collective farms of 1950's in this county. I was surprised at the remarkable diversity of collectivization which had emerged from reading them carefully.Firstly in the new farmer villages where land reform had actually lead to the social chaos, the collectivization was one of the measures to resolve this situation. We find here two different paths to LPG in 1950's. In several villages a minority group had founded their LPG for the purpose of holding the material resource of village such as barns. However, they failed in this attempt because o … More f effects of "17 June", furthermore it resulted often in dissolution of the LPG. On the other hand there are some successful examples of LPG which developed their organization against effects of "17 June". They succeeded in obtaining the capital fund from above for building new modern barn.Secondly in the old farmer villages not merely the influx of refugees but also the policy agains "Grossbauer" in 1952-1953 had a significant impact on the social structure. It is important that others in the village agreed the purge of "Grossbauern". The LPG in Hohenfelde, which I have investigated in detail, was founded in 1953 by a group of refugee-new- farmers, based on the rich material resources from a broken-down "Grossbauern". Further, taking the village farm (OLB) in 1955 caused the expansion of LPG and the change of its inner structure, associated with the appearance of new rural technocrat outside village. The family members of "Grossbauern" who remained in village adapted to this situation through getting marriage, joining the LPG, and taking the job in MTS. Less