How to Find Maternal Depression and Relationship Disorders between Mothers and Children Early in a Community

本研究的目的是为包括助产士、公共卫生护士、儿童精神病学家和临床心理学家在内的婴儿心理健康专业人员提供有用的基本信息，这些专家试图为母亲生育提供具体的支持。我们在日本北部一座城市的一家综合医院招募了孕妇作为研究对象。我们在妊娠晚期、出生后1个月、出生后4个月和出生后一年对受试者进行了纵向心理健康调查。此外，我们还在出生后四个月和一年后对受试者进行了包括录像在内的家访调查，以评估母婴互动和母亲的情绪可获得性。家访调查的对象是63名母亲和她们的孩子。在家庭访问调查中，我们参照奇异情境的程序构建了母婴分离和团聚的环境(Ainsworth，M.…更多)。由9名婴幼儿心理健康专业人员使用修订的情绪可获得性量表对母婴的录像行为进行评估。情绪可获得性量表由Biringen，Z，Robison J.L.和Emde R.N发展而成。为了适应我们的研究，我们对该量表进行了修改，比较了持续抑郁组(n=12)和非持续抑郁组(n=51)之间的母婴互动和母亲情绪可获得性。CDG的母亲在出生后一个月和四个月都被判断为抑郁。因此，CDG母亲的情绪表达比NCDG母亲更消极、更抑郁。CDG母亲与婴儿的交谈数量明显减少，沟通不顺畅。CDG组婴儿的情绪表达也明显高于NCDG组，情绪表达的负性和抑郁程度也明显高于NCDG组。CDG组的下弯发生率明显高于NCDG组。这些结果表明，持续抑郁的母亲在与孩子的互动以及对孩子的情感支持方面存在许多问题。较少

The objective of the present study is to provide useful basic information for the infant mental health professionals including midwives, public health nurses, child psychiatrists and clinical psychologists trying to provide concrete supports to mothers in child bearing. We recruited the subjects of pregnant women in a general hospital in a city located in the northern area of Japan. We administered longitudinal mental health surveys to the subjects in third trimester of pregnancy, one month after birth, four months after birth and on year after birth. Furthermore, we conducted home visit survey including video-recording to the subjects four months and one year after birth to evaluate mother-infant interactions and maternal emotional availability. The subjects of the home visit surveys were 63 mothers and their children. In the home visit surveys, we structured the setting of separation and reunion of mothers and infants referring to the procedure of the Strange Situation (Ainsworth, M. … More ). The evaluation of the video-recorded behaviors of the mothers and infants was conducted by nine infant mental health professionals using the modified Emotional Availability Scale. The original version of the Emotional Availability Scale was developed by Biringen, Z, Robison J.L. and Emde R.N. We modified the scale to adapt our research.We compared the mother-infant interactions and maternal emotional availability between the continuously depressed group (CDG) (n=12) and the non continuously depressed group (NCDG) (n=51). The mothers of the CDG were judged to be depressed both one month and four months after birth. As a result, the emotional expression of the mothers of CDG was significantly more negative and depressed than that of the mothers of NCDG. The quantity of talking of the mothers of CDG to their infants was significantly less and the communication of them was significantly less smooth. The emotional expression of the infants of CDG was also significantly more negative and depressed than that of the infants of NCDG. The infants of CDG presented significantly more frequent recurving than the infants of NCDG. From these results, it was suggested that the continuously depressed mother had many problems of their interaction with their children and their emotional availability to their children. Less