A STUDY ON STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS AND STRESS COPING METHODS AMONG ADOLESCENTS

对象与方法：选取一所公立初中在校生455人（男228人，女227人）（学生组）和山形大学附属医院初中生门诊患者50人（男12人，女38人）（患者组）为研究对象。他们被要求在45分钟内填写一份心理健康问卷。问卷由症状评定量表（SRT） （Kellner）、生活事件量表（Kanbayashi）、压力应对量表（Morioka）和父母关系量表（PBI） （Parker）组成。在455名学生中，222名一年级或二年级的学生（随访组）在第一次调查的一年后回答了同样的问卷。结果：患者组SRT总分均值显著高于学生组。患者组高压力生活事件的平均数量明显大于学生组。在应激应对方式方面，两组间差异无统计学意义。患者组的平均过度保护得分略高于学生组。在学生组中，SRT总分与压力生活事件数、压力应对问卷各分量表及PBI总分均呈显著相关。随访结果显示，生活事件经历不影响SRT得分，第一次调查时的应激应对方式不影响SRT得分的变化。研究结果表明，被试心理健康状况的恶化、压力生活事件的经历和压力应对行为模式的改变几乎是并行发生的。包括生活事件、父母态度、压力应对行为模式、婴儿期环境因素和遗传因素在内的各种因素似乎交织在一起，导致青少年的精神病理。

Subjects and methods : The subjects were 455 (male 228, female 227) students (student's group) in a public junior high school and 50 and (male 12, female 38) out-patients(patient's group) who went to junior high school whose illness were diagnosed as neurosis in Yamagata University Hospital. They were requested to fill out a mental health questionnaire in 45 minutes. The questionnaire consisted of symptom rating test (SRT) (Kellner), check list of life events (Kanbayashi), stress-coping questionnaire (Morioka) and parental bonding instrument (PBI) (Parker)., Among the 455 students, 222 students (follow up group) who was in the 1st or 2nd grade were requested to respond to same questionnaire a year after the first survey.Results : The mean total SRT score in the patient's group was significantly higher than that in the student's group. The mean number of highly stressful life events in the patient's group was significantly bigger than that in the student's group. As for stress-coping methods, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The mean overprotection score in the patient's group was slightly higher than that in the student's group.In the student's group, total SRT score was correlated with number of stressuful life events, all sub-scales of stress-coping questionnaire and all scores of PBI.Results of follow-up data suggested that experience of life events did not affect SRT score and the pattern of stress-coping methods at the time of the first survey did not affect change of SRT score.According to our results, it may well be said that aggravation of mental health in the subjects, experience of stressful life events and change of pattern of stress-coping behavior occurred almost in parallel. Various factors including life events, parental attitude, pattern of stress-coping behavior, environmental factors in infancy and hereditary factors seemed to be woven together to cause psychopathology among adolescents.