Relation between Climatic Hazards, Folk Events and Climatic Variation in Historical Times of Japan

本研究旨在从气候灾害与民间事件的关系入手，厘清历史时期的气候变化。在此基础上，对气候灾害记录进行了编码，并将其输入到PC机中，增强了历史气候数据库的功能。为了重建气候变化，通过人、社会与气候变化之间的关系，阐明了灾害记录的意义，并通过继承到各地的民间事件，看到了历史时代气候灾害的征兆。例如，为了纪念富山的福恩灾难，人们举行了风平节。由于这种民间活动与气候的关系是多方面的，因此从多个角度和方面考察了它的意义。特别是对富山管节的考察还在继续，并对其进行了多方面的探讨和分析。风神供奉于举行风节的地方，此外，风神还具有水神等品格。这个节日基本上是祈求主粮丰收的普通气候，并在那里看到了对早期农业社会气候危害的认识的投影。在每个地方都有许多这样的神被神化，并在不同的地方建立了这些神的圣地。人们对自然包括气候危害的认识都体现在这样一个神圣的地方，并对各个圣地的实际情况进行了调查，特别是注意了它与自然的关系。此外，还制作了神社、寺庙等数据库，将其纳入地理信息系统，并在全国范围内制作了民众神社、寺庙宗派等各种要素的分布图。这样的分布图还没有出现，并得到了许多新的结果。期望它们作为通用基础数据，为各领域的研究做出贡献。

In this research, it aimed clarifying for the climatic variation in the historical times from relations between climatic hazards and folk events. As the base, the records of the climatic hazards were encoded and inputted to the personal computer, and 'Historical Climate Data Base' was enhanced. To reconstruct the climate variation, the meaning of hazard record was clarified by the relations between people, society and climate variation.Signs of the climatic hazards in the historical times are seen also by the folk event that has been succeeded to various places. For instance, the festival of the wind calming down is held to the foehn disaster in Toyama. Because it was various that the relations between such a folk event and the climate, its meaning was examined from various angle and aspects. Especially, the investigation about wind festival in Toyama was continued, and it was approached from many and analyzed. God of wind is enshrined to the place where the wind festival is done, and the god of wind has also the character of the god of water etc. further. The ordinary climate was basically prayed in the festival for good harvest of staple grains, and the projection of recognition to the climatic hazards in the ere agrarian society was seen there.In each place many gods of these are deified, and sacred places of them are established in various place. People's recognition to nature including climatic hazards was reflected in such a sacred place, and the investigation of actual conditions of various sacred places was done, especially paying attention to its relations with nature. Moreover, data bases such as shrines and temples were made, it took into GIS, and the distribution chart of various elements such as popular shrines and temple sects were made in a nationwide scale. Such distribution charts have not been presented and many new results were obtained. They are expected to contribute to the research of various fields as the general basic data.