The empirical research of authentic assessment to probe children's understanding in science classes

本研究试图根据理科课堂的实际情况，在临床上澄清真实性评价。真实性评估是一个过程，在这个过程中，学生不仅完成期望的行为，而且在现实生活中完成这些行为。它展示了有价值、有意义和有意义的任务--也就是说，真实的任务。真实性评价不仅仅是测试的发展，它依赖于可靠的课堂教学实践和各种真实性评价工具来评价学生的学习。真实的评估必须符合有效的指导、学习和激励的原则。我们认识到真实的任务包括以下6个方面(G.Wiggins，1998)。(一)实事求是。(2)需要判断力和创新力。(3)让学生做好这门课。(4)它复制或模拟了成年人在工作场所、公民生活和个人生活中接受测试的背景。(5)评估学生有效地使用一系列知识和技能来完成一项复杂任务的能力。(6)它允许适当的机会来排练、练习、查阅资源，并获得对表演和作品的反馈和改进。对这些真实任务的正确回答将产生日常课堂教学实践和学生评估，从而推动教学和学习。我们必须认识到，真实的评估需要更多地关注评估中使用的标准。最后，从临床教学的角度来看，真实性评价的反馈方式是开放式问题。

This research is an attempt to clarify authentic assessment clinically on the basis of the actual situation of science classes. Authentic assessment is a process where students not only complete desired behaviors, but accomplish them in a real-life context. It presents tasks that are worthwhile, significant, and meaningful-that is to say, authentic. Authentic assessment constitutes more than development of test ; it depends on reliable classroom teaching practice and various authentic assessment tools to evaluate students learning. Authentic assessment must be consistent with the principles of effective instruction, learning and motivation.We recognize authentic task involves following 6 aspects(G.Wiggins,1998). (1)It is realistic. (2)It requires judgment and innovation. (3)It asks the students to do the subject. (4)It replicates or simulates the context in which adults are tested in the workplace, in the civic life, and in personal life. (5)It assesses the student's ability to efficiently and effectively use a repertoire of knowledge and skill to negotiate a complex task. (6)It allows appropriate opportunities to rehearse, practice, consult resources, and get feedback on and refine performances and products.Genuine answers to these authentic tasks will generate daily classroom teaching practices and student evaluation that drives instruction and learning.We must recognize that authentic assessment requires that much greater attention be paid to the criteria to be used in the assessment. Also, authentic assessment can promotes self-assessment because it plays a much greater role than in traditional testing.Finally, from a clinical standpoint of teaching, the ways of feedback using the results of authentic assessment are open questions.