A Study of the Practical Knowledge of Japanese Language Teachers in relation to the Development of Learners' Communicative Competence

本研究旨在探讨日语教师在培养外国学生交际能力方面的实践知识与思维。进行了三次调查，结果如下1。教师课堂教学实践知识与思维的调查：要求5位教师对一节日语课的录像带进行观察和评价。每个老师的评论各不相同，但大多数都集中在语言结构的练习上。教师在关注语言练习情境的真实性和学习者话语的真实性方面表现出相似之处。在观看视频后撰写的报告中，教师们表示他们对教学技巧比对教学原则和教学内容更感兴趣，并且教师们对交际能力的概念有不同的解释，不同意教学交际的必要性。教师对语言教育观的调查及其形成过程：参与本研究的三位教师在17年前接受过同样的培训，他们对语言教育观有自己独特的看法。影响他们观点的最关键因素是其他专业领域的经历、海外留学经历和其他人的存在等。很明显，他们接受的培训项目并没有对他们的语言教育观产生太大的影响。关于学习者的语言使用和课堂活动信念的调查：在参加本研究的80名学习者中，许多学习者表示，尽管他们的语言能力很高，但他们不能操纵自然的会话表达，对自己的发音没有信心。为了提高听力和会话能力，他们中的许多人认为通过电影、电视剧和新闻节目进行的活动更有效。另一方面，也有学生对教科书中学生活动和示范对话的有效性表示怀疑。为了提高阅读和写作能力，大量学习者表示希望学习日语报告写作中的篇章结构、语言表达和风格，并建议练习写总结。此外，学习者指出，在所有的课堂上复习和解释语法是必要的。少

The aim of this study is to investigate the practical knowledge and thinking of Japanese language teachers in relation to the development of communicative competence in foreign students. Three surveys were conducted and the findings are as follows1.Survey on teachers' practical knowledge and thinking in relation to classroom instruction : Five teachers were asked to observe and provide comments on a Japanese language lesson on videotape. The comments varied from teacher to teacher but the majority focused on the practice of language structures. The teachers showed a similarity in paying attention to the authenticity of the setting of the language practices and the learners' utterances. In reports written after watching the video, the teachers indicated that they were more interested in teaching techniques than teaching principles or contents, hi addition, the teachers interpreted the notion of communicative competence in various ways and did not agree on the necessity for teaching comm … More unicative competence.2.Survey on teachers' views on language education and the process in which their views developed: Three teachers who participated in this study underwent the same training program 17 years ago and they held their own unique views on language education. The most crucial factors that influenced their views were experience in other professional fields, overseas study experience and the existence of others etc. It was dear that the training program they underwent did not have much influence on their views on language education.3.Survey on learners' language use and their beliefs with regard to classroom activities : Of 80 learners who participated in this study, many learners indicated that they could not manipulate natural conversational expressions and did not have confidence in their pronunciation even though they had a high level of competence in the language. To improve listening and conversational competence, many of them believed that activities using movies, television dramas and news programs were more effective. On the other hand, there were students who were doubtful of the effectiveness of student-student activities and model conversations in the textbooks. To improve reading and writing competence, a large number of learners indicated that they wanted to learn the discourse structure, language expressions and styles used in Japanese report writing and also suggested that it would be useful to practice writing summaries. In addition, the learners pointed out that it was necessary to review and explain grammar in all classes. Less