Knowledge Creation and Spatial Design of Project in Digital Content Industrial cluster in Japan and U.S.

首先，需要一种超越传统组织理论、组织间理论和边界跨越单元方法的新的项目理论来解释由独立于企业的领导者团队做出决策的内容项目，作者在回顾现有工作和作者以前的研究的基础上，尝试建立一个新的“项目空间设计”框架。为了验证“项目空间设计”的研究框架，作者采访了好莱坞的视觉特效主管，他是电影制作的项目负责人之一，负责电影项目中的计算机图形（CG）问题。访谈对象为凯文·托德·豪格、约翰·布鲁诺和约翰·戴克斯特拉，访谈内容包括选择企业的因素、工作分工、对企业的评价和集群（成本与创意）、以往合作经验以及导演与制片人的意见。第三，为了验证好莱坞外部对好莱坞视觉特效主管的研究结果，第四，以日本动画作品为例，考察了日本第一部全3DCG电视动画系列片《SD GUNDAMFORCE》的创新与传播。第五，以日本动画作品为例，考察了日本第一部全3DCG电视动画系列片《SD GUNDAMFORCE》的创新与传播。作为在日本的真人作品的案例，选择了由Tsunaya制作公司和NHK共同制作的用于数字卫星广播的高清晰度电视SF系列片“Woo”，并且通过参与者观察一周来调查VFX监督者Yoshige Matsuno的通信行为。

First, a new theory of project, which goes beyond traditional organization theory, inter-organizational theory, and boundary spanning unit approach, is needed in order to explain content project for which a team of leaders independent from firms makes a decision and the author proceeded attempts to develop a new framework of "Spatial Design of Project" by reviewing existent works and the author's previous studies.Second, in order to test the research framework of "Spatial Design of Project", the author carried out interviews with VFX supervisors in Hollywood who was one of the project leaders for film making and responsible for the issues of computer graphics (CG) in the film project. The interviewees were Kevin Tod Haug, John Bruno, and John Dykstra and the factors of selecting firms, divisions of works, evaluations on the firm and the cluster (cost and creativity), the past experiences of co-work and the opinions of directors and producers were investigated.Third, in order to verify the study result of VFX supervisors in Hollywood from outside of Hollywood, VFX firms which located in London and Prague and had joined Hollywood film project were investigated.Fourth, as a case of animation work in Japan, innovation and communication in "SD GUNDAMFORCE" Project, which was lead by Sunrise in Tokyo and the first full 3DCG TV animation series in Japan, was investigated.Fifth, as a case of live-action work in Japan, "WoO", a High Definition TV SF series, co-produced by Tsuburaya production and NHK for digital satellite broadcasting, was selected, and communication behavior of the VFX supervisor, Yoshishige Matsuno, was investigated by participant observation for one week.