Construction of Diaspora-identities and Literature, or Cultural Nationalism Formed by Literature

共享种族身份是侨民生存的重要条件。而且身份必须在任何时候被个人重新确认，否则社区精神很快就会被破坏。团结力量的丧失，直接意味着对少数民族的同化。然而，“祖国”、“民族”、“历史”等团结的象征并不像他们想象的那么坚定。符号的形象经常变化。一个持久的散居或少数民族的个人总是指他们的散居佳能，这不是永久的。必须有一个维护、重新确认和创造侨民身份的系统。我们假定文献和它的接受是机制。我们小组研究人员的研究结果总结如下：新加坡政府，一个主要由散居海外的新加坡人组成的国家，想把居住在国外的新加坡人称为“散居海外的新加坡人”。新加坡文学现在是用几种语言写成的。政府……更把它们看成是新加坡文学，并给予适当的定位。因此，侨民国家之外的“侨民”有他们自己的标准文学。但他们都不被认为是中国文学或泰米尔文学，而是“新加坡文学”。本文从流散研究的视角对捷克女作家伦卡·莱内诺娃的生平和作品进行了研究。她是捷克人，但她在自己的国家用德语写作。从她的生平和作品中可以看出捷克社会复杂的文化面貌罗斯·奥斯兰德的诗歌考察了作为犹太人人间天堂的布科维纳多元文化社会和平共生的形象。对她来说，布科维纳是反犹太主义的象征。但她的布科维纳图像仅仅被解读为德国和闪米特共生关系的证据。特兰西瓦尼亚萨克森人在19世纪末，即民族主义的时代，首先发现自己处于散居状态。他们认为自己是德国人，并向德国寻求援助。诗集《祖国的心》（1935）展示了德国侨民的情感，并讲述了他们为什么迅速接受德国纳粹主义。这本选集是他们团结一致的象征。少

Sharing of ethnic identity is an important condition of diaspora-subsistence. And the identity must be reconfirmed at all times by the individuals, or the community sprit will soon be spoiled. The loss of the solidarizing strength directly means the assimilation of minorities. The symbols of solidarity such as "motherland", "ethnicity" and "history" are, however, not so steadfast as they regard. The image of the symbols often changes. The individuals of a durable diaspora or minority always refer to their diaspora-canon, which is not permanent. There must be a system of maintenance, reconfirm and creation of diaspora-identities. We presumed the literature and its reception to be the mechanism. The results of researchers in our team are summarized as follows.1. The government of Singapore, a country formed mainly by several diasporas, wants to call the Singaporean people living abroad "Singaporean Diaspora". The Singaporean literature is now written in several languages. The government … More regards them all as Singapolean literature, and gives them appropriate positions. Thus the "diasporas" outside diaspora country have their own standard literatures. But they all are not regarded not Chinese or Tamillian literature, but as "Singaporean".2. The life and works of a Czech woman writer Lenka Reinerova is researched from a perspective of diaspora studies. She was a Czech, but she wrote in German in her own country. The complicated cultural aspect of Czech society was revealed from her biography and production.3 The image of peacefull symbiosis in multicultural society in Bukovina as paradice on earth of Jew was inspected in Rose Auslander's poems. Bukovina was for her the symbol of antithesis to anti-Semitism. But her Bukovina images were read merely as the evidence of German-Semitic symbiosis.4, The Transylvanian Saxony found themselves in the state of diaspora at first in late 19 c, the age of nationalism. They considered themselves as German and asked Germany for aid. The poetic anthology "Heart of Homeland" (1935) shows the sentiment of the German diasporas, and tells why they accepted rapidly German Nazism. The anthology was their symbol of solidarity. Less