Environmental planning and maintenance methodology in small municipalities encountering depopulation and aging

日本正面临人口减少和老龄化，债务高达770万亿美元。由于需要社会福利的人增加和预算赤字，地方政府处境困难。供水、生活污水处理和垃圾处理是地方政府的重要工作。到目前为止，这些系统都是在假设人口增长的情况下规划的。然而，我们必须改变我们的想法，人口减少的年龄。在本研究中，对人口减少时代的新规划方法进行了研究。对小城市人口减少和老龄化的现状进行了概述，并指出了规划和维护的主题。接下来，对解决人口减少和老龄化所带来的环境设施问题的各种方法进行了研究。在设备研制中，讨论了集中式系统和分散式系统的选择方法。在维修方法方面，探讨了分散设施的巡查计划和下水道系统的推广方法。在此基础上，探讨了排水系统建设方法对地方财政和地方经济的影响，并对排水系统建设的一般方法进行了研究。强调了从不同年龄人群的角度和人们潜意识需求的角度来满足地方政府各项服务的重要性。提出了考虑项目溢出效应的方法。研究了环境控制的GIS技术。

Japan is encountering population decrease and aging and has debt of 770 trillion. Local governments are in difficult situation due to the increase in people who need social welfare and budget deficit. Especially it is remarkable in small municipalities.Water supply, domestic waste water treatment and waste treatment are important jobs for a local government. These systems have been planned with the assumption of population increase until now. However we have to change our minds for depopulating age. In this research, new planning methodologies for depopulating age were examined.The overview about situation of small municipalities concerning population decrease and aging were shown and the subjects about planning and maintenance were indicated.Next, various methods to solve problems of environmental facilities due to depopulation and aging were examined. In facility developments, the choice method between concentrated system and diffused system was discussed. In maintenance method, planning about patrolling of diffused facilities and promotion method to use sewerage system were examined. The effects of sewerage system development method on municipality finance and local economy were examined.On the basis of the above practical studies, general methodologies were studied. The importance of satisfaction of each local governmental service from viewpoints of various age people and people's subconscious needs were emphasized. The methodology to consider spillover effect of projects was presented. The GIS technology for environmental control was examined.