Comparative evolutionary and developmental study of leaf morphology in vascular plants.

根据叶片的形状，维管植物的叶分为两种类型（复叶和单叶）。无论是单叶还是复叶，KNOX、LFY和PHAN基因都参与了叶片形态的调控。本研究克隆了被子植物水盾草和蕨类植物单叶、羽状复叶水盾草的LEAFY、KNOX和PHANTASTICA基因的同源序列。并通过原位杂交和定量PCR观察了这些基因的表达。本研究对一株长有一片月蕨和一片长有羽状复叶的蕨属植物的双盖蕨进行了穗人科水盾草各基因的表型分析，以明确其为原始被子植物，虽然不知道蕨属植物和原始被子植物中两种类型的形态差异是如何控制的。在原始被子植物水盾草的复叶和单叶中，KNOX基因（CCKNOX）和PHAN同源基因（CCPHAN）的出现率差异显著，而LFY同源基因（CCLFY）的出现率差异不显著。而LFY同源基因（DjLFY，DsLFY）在蕨类植物单叶和复叶中的表达差异显著，认为LFY同源基因控制了两种类型叶片形态的差异，而KNOX I基因（DjKNOX，DsKNOX）在复叶和单叶中的表达差异不明显。结果表明，被子植物和蕨类植物复叶形态的控制机制不同，蕨类植物的叶和种子植物的叶是独立进化的。

The leaf of the vascular plant is classified into two types (a compound leaf and a single leaf) depending on the shape of the leaf blade. The KNOX, LFY, and PHANgenes take part in the regulation of the leaf morphology whether simple leaf or compound leaf. We cloned orholog of LEAFY, KNOX and PHANTASTICA genes in basal angiosperm (Cabomba caroliniana ) and pteridophytes (Deparia subsinuatum: simple leaf, pinnate compound leaf Deparia japonica). We also observed these gene expression in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR. A Diplazium subsinuatum with a Lunathyrium petersonii and a single leaf with the pinnate compound leaf from the fern plant to clarify it primitive angiosperm did the appearance analysis of each gene of the Cabomba caroliniana of the Sui Ren family in this research though it did not know how the difference of the form of two types in a fern plant and a primitive angiosperm was controlled. A significant difference was seen in the KNOX (CCKNOX) gene and the PHAN homology gene (CCPHAN) though the difference was not seen in the amount of appearance of the LFY ortholog gene (CCLFY) in a compound leaf and a sinple leaf of primitive angiosperm Cabomba caroliniana. However, a significant difference was seen in the LFY ortholog gene (DjLFY, DsLFY) between simple leaf and compound leaf in pteridophytes, and it was considered that the difference of the form of the leaf of two types was controlled by the LFY ortholog gene, though the difference was not seen in the gene expression of the KNOX I gene (DjKNOX, DsKNOX) in compound leaf and a simple leaf. It was suggested that the compound leaf morphology was controlled in the angiosperm and the pteridophytes by a different mechanism, and the leaf of the pteridophyte and the leaf of the spermatophyte have evolved independently.