Investigation of ice particle and cloud drop residues using the counterflow virtual impactor technique onboard HALO (HALO-CVI)

作为云凝结核和冰核的大气粒子子集（CCN和IN）决定了气溶胶的间接效应，这是预测未来气候的最大不确定性之一。特别是人为粒子对液态云、混相云和冰川云的微物理特性的影响，从而对它们的辐射特性和降水行为的影响几乎一无所知。识别CCN和IN作为飞机上不同云类型的液滴和冰粒残留物将提高我们对这些问题的理解。HALO SPP的第一阶段已经开发了一种名为HALO- cvi的入口系统，该系统可以对液体和冷冻的水成物进行取样，并释放其中含有的残留物进行分析。现在，该系统被提议应用于HALO上，作为三个云任务ML-CIRRUS、ac嘲笑和NARVAL的指定科学有效载荷的一部分。作为这些任务的工具，HALO-CVI将有助于研究气溶胶粒子对航空改性和自然卷云、热带外深层对流云系统和信风积云的形成和演变的影响。此外，提出了用于混合相云中IN分析的液滴预分离CVI的概念研究，作为HALO优先计划第二阶段之外新入口开发的起点。

The subset of atmospheric particles which serve as cloud condensation and ice nuclei (CCN and IN) determine the aerosol indirect effect, which has one of the largest uncertainties in predicting future climate. Especially the influence of anthropogenic particles on microphysical properties of liquid, mixed-phase and glaciated clouds and thus on their radiative properties and precipitation behavior is hardly known. The identification of CCN and IN measured as residues of drops and ice particles of different cloud types from aircraft will improve our understanding of these issues. An inlet system sampling liquid and frozen hydrometeors and releasing the contained residues for analysis, called HALO-CVI, has been developed within the first phase of the HALO SPP. Now, it is proposed to apply this inlet onboard HALO as part of the designated scientific payload of the three cloud missions ML-CIRRUS, ACRIDICON and NARVAL. As instrument of these missions, the HALO-CVI would contribute to investigate the influence of aerosol particles on the formation and evolution of aviation modified and natural cirrus, extra-tropical deep convective cloud systems and trade wind cumuli. Furthermore, concept studies of a drop pre-segregating CVI dedicated for IN analysis in mixed-phase clouds are proposed as a starting point for a new inlet development beyond the second phase of the HALO priority program.