Effects of Acid Rain on Ecosystems, and Their Evaluation and Control

酸雨扰乱了水生生态系统和森林。它已经成为严重的全球性环境问题之一。该项目由11个主题组成，分为以下4个主题：(1)酸雨和悬浮粒子的化学分析，(2)酸雨对根际质量的化学变化，(3)酸雨对高等植物的物理、生态和遗传影响，以及(4)石灰处理土壤改良。在试验(1)中，对每1 mm降水进行5年酸雨分析，并进行统计分析。在实验(2)中，对仓市周围采集的10个样品进行了人工酸雨对土壤成分的淋洗实验。在主题(3)中，作为酸雨对植物的直接影响之一，在pH 4.5或更低的情况下观察到牵牛花的花瓣变色。用多组分输运箱模型研究了不同pH条件下大麦根系对铁、锰、锌、镉、镍等微量元素的吸收。研究了酸性土壤中溶解的Al和Cb离子对大麦发芽率和生根率的影响，以及植物对铝胁迫的生理响应。液泡膜的H+转运活性可能在Al离子与H+的交换或维持细胞质内H+的动态平衡中起关键作用。研究了731个小麦品种和736个大麦品种的耐酸性变异。研究了酸雨对几种木本植物的光合速率、气孔扩散阻力和蒸腾速率等生理特性的影响。在课题(4)中，发现石灰处理对酸化土壤重金属的释放有抑制作用。

Acid rain have disturbed aquatic ecosystems and also forests. It has been one of the serious and global environmental issues. This project is composed of 11 themes and it is classified into the following 4 subjects ; (1) Chemical analysis of acid rain and suspended particles, (2) Chemical change in quality of rhizosphere by acid rain, (3) Physical, ecological and genetic effects of acid rain on higher plants, and (4) Soil improvement by lime treatment. In subject (1), acid rains were analyzed for every 1mm precipitation for 5 years, and statistical analysis was done. In subject (2), elution of soil components by artificial acid rain was measured for 10 samples taken around Kurashiki. In subject (3), as one of the direct effect of acid rain on plant, discoloration of the petal in morning glory observed at pH 4.5 or less. The absorption of microelements ( Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni ) with excited barley roots under various pH conditions was investigated, using a multicompotment transport box model. Effect of Al and Cb ions solubilized in acidic soils on the ratio of germination and rooting of barley was investigated.Physiological response of plants to Aluminum stress was also investigated. H+ transport activities of the tonoplast may play a key role in either the exchange of Al ions for H+ or in maintaining homeostasis of H+ in the cytoplasm. Specific and varietal variation of tolerance to acidity in 731 wheat and 736 barley cultivars were examined. Effect of the acid rain on some physiological properties such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal diffusive resistance and transpiration rate of several woody plants were investigated. In the subject (4), it was found that the lime treatment to acidified soil depressed the release of heavy metals.