Troy in the Early Bronze Age: Technology, Exchange and Prestige. Diachronic analyses based primarily on small finds made of metal, stone, faience and clay

这些由金属、石头、陶器和粘土制成的发现是当地生产和远距离接触的重要证据。因此，它们是调查资源管理、交流和社会政治条件的重要基础。目前项目的重点是早期青铜时代和中期青铜时代开始的发现。调查应考虑到年代学、挖掘背景、生产技术、起源、分布和生产结构，以及这些物品在早期青铜时代特洛伊和邻近地区的社会中的作用。在工作的第一阶段，计划对这些小发现进行基本的考古评估，因为考夫曼和佩尼卡还没有对这部分新发掘结果进行全面的介绍。在大约1000件发现中，既有常见的定居点发现（如纺锤轮、织机砝码和其他工具），也有由玛瑙、彩陶、青铜和黄金制成的珠宝，以及石器皿、偶像和小雕像。首先是研究当地手工艺活动的基础，以及房间的功能；第二部分将有助于理解由精英赞助的生产部门或交换联系。考古鉴定以科学分析为补充，以新发掘过程中采集的样品为主要对象。这些是由铜和青铜（珠宝和工具）、大理石（器皿、偶像等）和陶器（圆盘、珠子和狼牙棒头）制成的物品样本。此外，计划对旧发现进行显微分析，例如由特洛伊宝藏中的水晶和玛瑙制成的物体。这些检查的目的是确定原产地、生产技术以及制造和使用的痕迹。在考古和科学分析的基础上，将在项目的第二阶段进行进一步的研究，其中将再次使用新发掘的发现和选定的重要的旧发现。除其他事项外，将审查纺织生产、冶金和宝石的结构和重要性。这些技术的发展将按时间顺序对早期青铜器时代的所有时期和阶段进行调查，并与已经完成的关于第二个千年发现的类似研究进行比较。此外，将从历时的角度讨论特洛伊在技术和风格转移中的地位，以及安纳托利亚、爱琴海和巴尔干之间的通讯路线和交流网络的进程。在工作的最后阶段，将在青铜时代早期和中期社会变化的背景下讨论上述对外接触和生产的作用。

The finds made of metal, stone, faience and clay are important evidence of both local production and long-distance contacts. They thus represent an essential basis for the investigation of resource management, exchange and socio-political conditions. The focus of the present project is the finds from the Early Bronze Age and the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age. The investigations should take into account typochronology, excavation contexts, production technology, origin, distribution, and structure of production, as well as the function of the objects in the society of Early Bronze Age Troy and neighbouring areas. During the first phase of the work, a fundamental archaeological evaluation of the small finds is planned, as the comprehensive presentation of this part of the results of the new excavations by M. Korfmann and E. Pernicka has not yet taken place. Among ca. 1000 finds, there are both common settlement finds (such as spindle whorls, loom weights and other tools) and jewelry made of carnelian, faience, bronze and gold, as well as stone vessels, idols and figurines. The first are basic for the study of local handicraft activities as well as function of the rooms; the second will contribute to an understanding of the elite-sponsored branches of production or exchange connections. The archaeological evaluation is supplemented by scientific analyses: the samples that were taken in the course of the new excavations are mainly targeted. These are samples of objects made of copper and bronze (jewelry and tools), marble (vessels, idols, etc.) and faience (discs, beads, and a mace head). In addition, microscopic analyses of the old finds are planned, such as the objects made of rock crystal and carnelian from the Trojan treasures. The purpose of these examinations is to determine the origin, production technology and traces of manufacture and use. On the basis of the archaeological and scientific analyses, further studies will be carried out in the second phase of the project, in which both finds from the new excavations and selected significant old finds will again be used. Among other things, the structure and importance of textile production, metallurgy and lapidary will be examined. The development of these technologies will be investigated diachronically for all periods and phases of the Early Bronze Age, as well as in comparison to similar studies already completed on the finds of the second millennium. Furthermore, the position of Troy in the transfer of technology and style, as well as the course of communication routes and exchange networks between Anatolia, the Aegean and the Balkans, will be discussed from a diachronic perspective. In the final phase of the work the role of the foreign contacts as well as production mentioned above will be discussed in the context of social changes during the Early and Middle Bronze Age.