Role of the cortico-basal ganglia system in action and cognition

我们发现，纹状体中的神经元活动代表了行动选项的奖励价值以及与奖励价值相关的行动。在丘脑板内核，CM核，我们证明了特定的神经元激活的要求，意外的行动，而受试者预期更高价值的行动。结果表明，参与CM核在第二个最好的解决方案的长期目标。此外，我们发现中脑多巴胺神经元编码长期奖励值及其期望误差，这可能在通过多步行动实现长期目标中发挥关键作用。

We showed that neuronal activity in the striatum represents reward value of action options and actions associated with reward values. In the intralaminar nuclei of thalamus, CM nucleus, we demonstrated specific neuronal activation at the request of unanticipated action while the subjects were anticipated higher-value action. The results suggested involvement of the CM nucleus in second-best solution for long-term goal. Furthermore, we found that midbrain dopamine neurons encode long-term reward value and its expectation error, which may play a critical role in achieving long-term goal through multi-step actions.