Thermal Desorption Spectrometer with MS

150多年来，高强度钢的氢脆一直是部件设计和系统疲劳强度的挑战。有很多例子表明，氢脆是如何导致巨大的破坏，从而导致高昂的成本。未来几年，由于能源转型和材料的资源高效利用对高性能材料的要求越来越高，氢将越来越多地出现在技术系统中，氢脆问题将变得至关重要。特别是在金属材料的情况下，强度增加和更可持续的合金概念使材料越来越容易受到氢降解的影响。该仪器是一个多分析仪系统，用于测定氢(H)、氧(O)、氮(N)和氩（Ar）浓度，特别是在金属样品中。低至亚ppm范围的浓度可以被分解。在载气熔体萃取中，重达几克的样品（取决于密度）在温度控制的方式下在高达3500°C的温度下熔化，并确定从材料样品释放到载气流中的待分析气体（O，N，H,Ar）的含量。同时，热载气萃取可通过辅助红外炉在高达1100℃的温度下进行。与熔体萃取相比，更大的样品可以接受阶梯和连续温度分布，目的是提高测量分辨率。然后，作为温度函数释放的气体浓度可以用来推断待分析气体或金属晶格中气体原子的捕获能量，氢在晶格缺陷处定位的能量，氢原子必须克服的能量才能离开缺陷。这种方法也被称为“热解吸光谱”（TDS）。当TDS系统与四极杆质谱仪（MS）结合使用时，由于扩散氢（dH）检测所需的测量分辨率最高，该方法被称为TDMS。TDMS是测量金属原子晶格中晶格缺陷处氢的俘获能的一种强制性方法。尽管萨尔大学（UdS）或科学和工业环境对氢气进行了多年的深入研究，但TDS、TDMS或热/熔萃取都是不可实现的。

Hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steels has been a known challenge for component design and fatigue strength of systems for more than 150 years. There are numerous examples of how hydrogen embrittlement has led to enormous damage and thus to high costs. As hydrogen will become more and more present in technical systems in the coming years due to the energy transition and a resource-efficient use of materials requires increasingly high-performance materials, the issue of hydrogen embrittlement will become essential. Particularly in the case of metallic materials, strength-increasing and thus more sustainable alloying concepts are making the materials increasingly susceptible to hydrogen degradation. The instrument is a multi-analyzer system for the determination of hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and argon (Ar) concentrations especially in metallic samples. Concentrations down to the sub-ppm range can be resolved. In carrier gas melt extraction, samples weighing a few grams (depending on density) are melted in a temperature-controlled manner at temperatures up to 3500°C and the contents of the gases to be analyzed (O,N,H,Ar) released from the material sample into the carrier gas stream are determined. At the same time, hot carrier gas extraction can be carried out by means of an auxiliary infrared furnace at temperatures up to 1100°C. Compared to melt extraction, a significantly larger sample can be subjected to both a stepped and a continuous temperature profile with the aim of improving the measurement resolution. The gas concentration released as a function of temperature can then be used to infer the trapping energy of the gas to be analyzed or of the gas atoms in the metal lattice, the energy with which hydrogen is localized at lattice defects and which a hydrogen atom must overcome to leave the defect. This method is also known as "Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy" (TDS). When the TDS system is combined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) due to the highest measurement resolution required for diffusible hydrogen (dH) detection, the method is referred to as TDMS. TDMS is mandatory to measure the trapping energies of hydrogen at lattice defects in the metal atom lattice in a defect-specific manner. Neither TDS, TDMS or hot/melt extraction are accessible despite years of intensive hydrogen research at Saarland University (UdS) or in the scientific and industrial environment.