Research on Net Energy Analysis and Global Warming Effect Analysis of Energy Storage Facilities

本研究目的在于从生命周期的观点分析储能设施的净能量与全球暖化效应，对于净能量与CO_2排放的评估，除了储能设施本身之外，还将包含储能设施的电力系统视为模拟模型。提出了一种基于CO2排放和核电站数量约束的含储能设施的最优电源构成算法.在给定负荷率和超导磁储能系统容量的条件下，验证了超导磁储能系统（SMES）作为一种高效的储能设施，其负载均衡效果。如果储能设施的效率下降到储能水力发电厂的效率（约70%），我们就不能指望有足够的效果。3.模拟结果表明，SMES和核电厂在增加输入能量的情况下，CO2排放量有所减少。但是，如果限制核电站的数量，由于经济原因，随着燃煤发电厂的增加，CO2排放量将大幅增加。通过对2030.5年预测负荷模式的电力系统的模拟，指出了未来包括储能设施在内的最佳电源构成的指导方针。环境保护成本评估结果表明，在SMES年成本低于5万元/kW的情况下，SMES的CO_2减排经济性相当于LNG/燃煤电厂的CO_2减排系统或可再生能源电厂的1/2 ~ 1/10。通过对储能设施提高负荷率效果的研究，揭示了负荷率提高率与储能设施数量之间的关系。

This research project aimed to analyze net energy and global warming effect of energy storage facilities from a life cycle's viewpoint, For the assessment of net energy and CO_2 emission, not only energy storage facilities themselves but a power system including them was considered as a simulation model.The brief results are as follows :1. An algorithm to find the optimum power source composition including energy storage facilities, subject to constraints on CO2 emission and the amount of nuclear power plants, was developed.2. The load leveling effect by using superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES), which is one of the most efficient energy storage facilities, was confirmed under the condition that the load factor and the introduced SMES's MW and MWh capacities were given. If the efficiency of a energy storage facility goes down to that of storage hydro power plants (about 70%), we cannot expect sufficient effect.3. It was verified by simulations that CO2 emission is reduced by SMES and nuclear power plants though input energy increases. If the amount of nuclear power plants is restricted, however, CO2 emission increases substantially as coal fired power plants increase by economical reason.4. The guidelines for the optimum power source composition including energy storage facilities in the future were indicated by simulations of a power system with forecasted load pattern in the year 2030.5. The results of environmental protection cost assessment show that SMES can reduce CO_2 emission as economically as de CO2 system of LNG/coal fired power plants or 1/2 - 1/10 of renewable energy plants if the annual cost of SMES is less than Y50,000/kW.6. The study on the effect of improving the load factor by energy storage facilities reveals the relationship between the improved rate of the load factor and the amount of energy storage facilities.