Research on building allocation in residential areas from the viewpoint of energy and enverronment related to light and thermal performance

基础研究进行了两个财政年度1997-1998为了开发模拟模型估计建筑物的能源消耗的观点，最佳配置的住宅建筑在Bibbs。1.现场测量对一户独户住宅进行了热环境和热负荷的现场测量，包括相邻建筑和障碍物的影响。利用实测数据进行了仿真研究.模拟方法的扩展对用于住宅建筑能源系统模拟的程序进行了扩展，使其能够接受更广义的系统.热辐射环境计算模型建立了建筑群的遮阳计算模型和长波辐射交换计算模型。对于阴影计算，提出了两种算法：直接法和分割法。采用分段法并结合能源系统仿真程序开发了程序的初版.居住建筑的能耗与环境模拟采用模拟住宅小区，模拟热负荷和室内热环境，考察相邻建筑的影响。结果表明，相邻建筑物的影响是非常大的加热和冷却。在考虑住宅能耗时，说明了建筑布局的重要性。

The basic studies were carried out for two fiscal years 1997-1998 in order to develop simulation models for estimating energy consumption of buildings from the viewpoint of optimum allocation of residential buildings in suburbs.1. Field measurementThe field measurement of thermal environment and heat loads was carried out for a single-family house including effects of the adjacent buildings and obstacles. The measure data were used for the simulation studies.2. Extension of the simulation methodThe program used for the energy system simulation of residential buildings was extended to be able to accept more generalized systems.3. Calculation model of thermal radiation environmentThe calculation models of solar shading and long wave radiation interchange in a group of buildings were developed. For the shadow calculation, two algorithms a direct method and a dividing method, were developed and examined. The preliminary version of program was developed using the dividing method and combined with the energy system simulation program.4. Energy and environment simulation of residential buildingsAssuming model residential areas, the heat loads and room thermal environment were simulated to examine the effects of adjacent buildings. The results showed that the effects of adjacent buildings were very large for both heating and cooling. The importance of building allocation was shown in considering energy consumption of residential houses.