Effect of Eating Behavior in Infancy on Taste Sensitivity and Mental Development

1.以130名1-3岁幼儿园儿童(男74名，女56名，年龄18-41个月)为研究对象，进行了《家庭用餐时间的监护人观察和进食调查》、《味觉敏感性测试》和《婴幼儿发育调查》，调查婴儿期初期进食行为对味觉和智力发育的影响。我们发现，除了对咸味的敏感性外，婴儿时期的饮食状况与儿童的味觉敏感度之间没有统计上的显著相关性。然而，在婴儿期初期的饮食情况与智力发展之间，在总共六个发育类别中，有四到五个阶段观察到了显著的相关性。婴儿期健康的饮食环境对智力发展(如基本习惯、语言形成、语言理解)有积极影响。从这一信息来看，婴儿期的家庭饮食习惯似乎对味觉敏感度几乎没有影响，除了咸味，但可能会对智力发育产生影响。我们两次走访了33名一岁到两岁的儿童(20名男孩，13名女孩，年龄在18到29个月之间)，在此期间，我们观察了进食环境(语言、进食时的表情和进食方式等)，并拍摄了视频片段。我们也对这些孩子进行了“味觉敏感度测试”和“发展和性格评估”。关于我们拍摄的进食情况的视频片段，我们分析了语言信息、面部表情等，并调查了“语言形成”、“味觉敏感”和“性情”之间的关系。在这样的进食情况下，我们观察到母亲的赞扬表达与孩子的性格(喜怒无常、平易近人、适应能力、反应水平、情绪质量)之间存在相互关系。

1. With 130 nursery-school children between the ages of one and three years (74 boys, 56 girls between 18 and 41 months) as subjects, we conducted "guardian observations and eating surveys of mealtime in households, " "taste sensitivity tests, " and "infant development surveys, " investigating the effects of eating behavior in the initial stages of infancy on the sense of taste and mental development. We found no statistically significant correlation between the eating situation in infancy and the taste sensitivity of the children, except sensitivity to salty flavors. Between the eating situation of theinitial stages of infancy and mental development, however, a significant correlation was observed in four to five among a total of six developmental categories. A healthful eating situation in infancy had a positive effect on mental development (e.g., basic habits, language formation, language comprehension). From this information, it seems that eating habits at home in infancy exert almost no influence on taste sensitivity, except for salty flavors, but it is possible that there may be an effect on mental development.2. We twice visited the homes of 33 children between the ages of one and two years (20 boys, 13 girls between 18 and 29 months), during which time we observed eating circumstances (language forination, expressions when eating, and manner of eating, etc.), taking video footage of thesituation. With these children as well, we conducted "taste sensitivity tests, " and "development and disposition evaluations." With regard to the video footage we took of the eating circumstances, we analyzed language for mation, facial expressions, and so on, and investigated the relationship between "language formation, " "taste sensitivity, " and "disposition." In such eating circumstances, we observed a mutual correlation between the mother's expressions of praise and the child's disposition (moodiness, approachability, adaptability, level of response, quality of mood).