A New Hegemony. Indignation, Populism and Democratic Praxis in Spain, 2011 - 2016

这项研究遵循了两个方面，即实证和理论抱负。在实证方面，我追溯了2011年至2016年间西班牙发生的政治变革。这种变化提出了一种激进的民主概念，以及对社会正义的强烈诉求。所谓的“愤怒者”（Indignados）的动员和抗议营地标志着一种结合了话语分析、民族志和半结构化访谈的广泛分析的起点。因此，我的目标是深入和广泛地重建西班牙的政治发展。对“愤怒者”及其衍生政党“我们可以”（Podemos）的分析是本研究的主体（第三至第五章）。在这些章节中，我展开了一项横跨公民社会和政治制度的分析，并结合了社会语义的重建以及微观实践-在西班牙社会变革的全景描述中具体化。这一雄心壮志包含在更广泛的背景下，将西班牙的发展置于该国更广泛的历史秩序中（第二章和第六章）。与实证分析相结合，我的目标是发展一个扩展的霸权理论。我从理论和分析两个方面充实了埃内斯托·拉克劳和尚塔尔·墨菲的后结构主义方法，以实现他们的承诺，即他们的话语理论实际上可以作为社会的政治敏感理论来运作。因此，我将拉克劳/墨菲的反本质主义和形式主义相对化，并充实出一种方法，对建构性和物质性、象征和感官维度、政治表达的机会和社会关系的沉淀趋势做出公正的评价。因此，在本研究的视野中，出现了一种后基础主义的社会理论。后者综合了话语理论、行动学和新唯物主义的立场：社会和政治的时刻同样是社会的构成要素。

This study follows a twofold, empirical as well as theoretical ambition. In empirical terms, I trace the political change that has occurred in Spain between 2011 and 2016. This change has put forth a radicalized notion of democracy as well as a strong plead for social justice. The mobilizations and protest camps of the so-called Indignados (Outraged) mark the starting point of a wide-reaching analysis that combines discourse analysis, ethnography and semi-structured interviews. Therewith I aim at both an in depth and a broad reconstruction of Spain’s political developments. The analysis of the Indignados and their spin-off political party Podemos demarks the main body of the study (Chap. III-V). In these chapters, I launch an analysis that traverses civil society and the political system and combines the reconstruction of societal semantics as well as micrological practices - crystallizing in a panoramic account of Spain’s social change. This ambition is bracketed by a broader contextualization that situates the Spanish developments within the country’s broader historical order (Chap. II and VI). Intertwined with the empirical analysis, I aim at developing an expanded theory of hegemony. I flesh out the poststructuralist approach of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe in both theoretical and analytical terms to accomplish their promise that their discourse theory can actually operate as politically sensitive theory of society. Therefore, I relativize the anti-essentialism and formalism of Laclau/Mouffe and flesh out an approach that does justice to constructedness and materiality, symbolic and sensorial dimensions, the chances of political articulation and the tendencies towards sedimentation of social relations. On the horizon of the present study thus stands a post-foundationalist social theory. The latter synthesizes discourse theoretical, praxeological and neo-materialist positions to uphold: the moments of the Social and the Political are equally constitutive for society.