English Grammar in a Dynamic Theory of Language

1.这套可达到的语法的特点是，不只是根据成人语法的属性，如乔姆斯基的理论，但根据发展规律，使至关重要的参考语法的属性在语言习得的中间阶段，如在Kajita（1977）的动态模型。本文通过对现代英语中的各种构式和子构式的详细考察，如表补结构、关系化结构、并列结构、插入结构、名词性构式、形容词性构式和程度表达等，论证了动态模式的优越性。词汇形态学、音系学、语义学、语用学、语言习得和历史句法等方面的案例研究进一步支持了本文的研究.基本形式在一定的已有模式基础上扩展为派生形式，遵循着“中心语与非中心语冲突的消解”、“抽-插-删的局部化”、“潜在意义的实现”、“句法共义的扩展”等发展规律。建立在相对外围现象基础上的发展规律可以有效地用于处理更核心的问题，例如，“句法范畴”概念，所谓的格关系和照应。根据发展规律所决定的基本-派生关系，可以改进语文教材的选择和组织。

1. The set of attainable grammars is to be characterized, not in terms of the properties of adult grammars alone, as in Chomsky's theory, but in terms of developmental laws that make crucial reference to the properties of the grammars at the intermediate stages of language acquisition, as in Kajita's (1977) dynamic model.2. The superiority of the dynamic model is demonstrated by detailed investigations of various constructions and subconstructions in Modern English ranging over sentential complementation, relativization, coordination, parenthetical formation, nominal constructions, adjectival constructions and degree expressions. Further support is given by case studies in lexicomorphology, phonology, semantics, pragmatics, language acquisition, and historical syntax.3. The extension of a basic form into a derivative form on the basis of a certain existing model is governed by developmental laws such as 'resolution of head-nonhead conflict', 'localization by extraction-insertion-deletion', 'realization of potential meaning', and 'expansion due to syntactico-semantic overlap'.4. The developmental laws established on the basis of relatively peripheral phenomena can be fruitfully utilized in dealing with more central issues involving, for example, the notion of 'syntactic category', so-called Case relations, and anaphora.5. The selection and organization of language-teaching materials can be improved in light of the basic-derivative relation determined by the developmental laws.