Studies on farm organizations that are formed in the advencement of large scale farming on paddy fieled

(1)1980年上半年，日本农业的农场组织由单一的鲸鱼养殖发展到以鲸鱼为主体的单一养殖，而销售额在700万头以上、耕地面积在3hm2以上的农场则呈现出多元化的发展趋势。这些规模较大的复合型农场的增加，主要归功于政府近期大力推行的水稻分流计划。在畜牧业生产过剩或价格波动的情况下，扩大设施齐全的园艺、蔬菜和水果等经济作物种植，减少专业畜牧场。在稻田大规模复种的情况下，可以识别出三种不同的耕作方式，它们都遵循利润最大化的原则。即以土地、机种联用为主的稻麦、稻菜联作，以劳力联用为主的水稻-水果、水稻-经济作物种植，以中间产品联用为主的水稻-乳业、水稻-牛肉养殖。通过租地、雇工、委托农场经营、参加集体务农等手段，部分补充了这些农场的发展。(2)自1980年S以来，雇工农场的数量呈增加趋势，但到1970年S时，雇主农场的数量一直在减少，这是一种新型农场。耕地面积超过5公顷的农场中，有一半雇佣了看守员。特殊的农场主是最大规模的雇主。水稻-小麦种植业和养殖业雇佣的男性守护者比女性守护者更多，然而，蔬菜和丰收的园艺业雇佣的几乎是女性守护者。

(1) Farm organigations in Japanese agriculture increased to have being monoculture as a whale, whereas that of farms upper than 7million ens by sales amount and 3ha by cultivated land showed to have being multiple in a first half of 1980's. Increasing of those large scale multiple farms is attributed to the rice diversion program that is promoted by goverment recently. to the expanding of cash crop cultivations such as well-equipped harticulture, vegetables and fruits, and to the decrease of specialized livestock farms under circumstances of over production or fluctuations of price in animal industry. Three different farming types that have advanced on the principle of profit maximization can be identified in the case of large scale multiple farming on paddy field. Those are the rice-wheat and the rice-vegetable farmings which are mainly based on joint-use of land or machines, the rice-fruits and rice-industrial crop farming which are mainly based on joint-use of labor, and the rice-dairy and the rice-beef raising which are mainlybased on joint-use of intermediate products. It is also fund out that the development of those farms are partially complemented by renting land, hiring labors, trusting farm operations and joining to group farmings.(2) The number of employer-farms is increasing in 1980's, though been decreasing in 1970's. These employers are new type-farms. Agout half of farms upper than 5ha by cultivated land employ warkers. Exceptional farm-househoids are most large scale-employers. The rice-wheat farming and the breeding employ man-warkers more than woman-warkers, however, the vegetabies and the well-eauipped horticulture employ almost woman-warker.