Statosphere-Stratosphere Exchange of Water Vapor

本文讨论了利用拉曼散射激光雷达测量大气气体和气溶胶的基本问题和技术问题。此外，利用激光雷达和卫星对气溶胶、水汽和臭氧的拉曼散射，讨论了对流层-平流层水汽混合过程。为了了解大气中复杂的化学系统，有必要同时获得与化学系统有关的各种气体和气溶胶的含量。拉曼散射效应对于大气中多组分系统的同时测量是非常有用的。构造了原型拉曼散射激光雷达，测试了该方法在多组分大气测量中的潜力。测量结果表明，气溶胶粒子的mie散射干扰对大气含气量的测量是严重的。为了解决这个问题，我们用mie散射激光雷达独立测量气溶胶含量。假设大气流体静力平衡，由氮气拉曼后向散射光测量估计的大气温度分布。利用氮和水蒸气的拉曼后向散射光估计了水蒸气的混合比例。卫星资料分析表明，热带地区对流层-平流层交换过程存在较大的年际变化，这可能影响全球水汽平衡和平流层化学系统。

In this research fundamental and technical problems on measurements of atmospheric gases and aerosols by raman scattering lidar are discussed. Additionally troposphere-stratosphere mixing processes of water vapor are discussed on the basis of raman scattering lidar and satellite on aerosols, water vapor and ozone. To understand complicated chemical systems in the atmosphere it is necessary to obtain simultaneously various gases and aerosol content relating to the chemical system. The raman scattering effect is very useful to make simultaneous measurements of multi-components system in the atmosphere.Prototype raman-scattering lidar is constructed to test potential of this method in the multi-components atmosphere measurements. The measurements suggests that the disturbance of mie scattering of aerosol particle is serious for the measurements on the atmosphere containing. To solve this problem here we independently measure aerosol content by mie scattering lidar. Atmospheric temperature profile estimated from measurements of ramann-backscattering light of nitrogen gas assuming the hydrostatic equilibrium of the atmosphere. Water vapor mixing ration is estimated from raman-backscattering light of nitrogen and water vapor.Satellite data analysis suggests that there is large year to year change in troposphere-stratosphere exchange processes in the tropical region and this can affect on global water vapor balance and stratospheric chemical system.