Statistical Analyses on the Collisions with Fixed Objects and Development of Roadside Hazard Evaluation Model

在日本的道路安全研究中，单车事故，包括跑路事故和与固定物体相撞的事故，几乎没有受到重视。然而，很明显，在这类事故中发生占有性死亡的可能性明显高于其他类型的事故。目前的事故统计表明，无论是在设计理念上还是在实施上，公路工程都要做很多工作，以使公路的路边空间更加安全。本研究的具体目标包括：(1)评估道路和交通因素对驾驶员死亡频率和严重程度的影响；(2)开发一个估计驾驶员死亡概率的模型；(3)评估路边固定物体对驾驶员眼球运动的影响；(4)开发路边危险评价模型。研究结果表明：(1)给出了驾驶员与路边固定物碰撞的特点和影响因素，(2)建立了驾驶员死亡风险的Logit模型，给出了驾驶员眼动与路边危险性的关系，建立了评价路边固定物危险性及其搬迁效果的路边危险性评价模型。所有这些发现都将对制定路边安全设计有所帮助。

Single-vehicle accidents which include run-off-the-road accidents and collisions with fixed objects have been received little attension in the road safety research in Japan. However, it is clear that the possibility of occuoant fatality in this types of accident is significantly higher than other types of accidents. Present accident statistics indicate that much is to be done on the part of highway engineering to make the roadside space of the highway more safety, both in design concepts and implementations. Specific objectives of this research include: (1) to assess the effects of road and traffic factors on the frequency and severity; (2) to develop a model for estimating the probability of driver fatality; (3) to assess the effects of roadside fixed objects on the driver's eye movement; and (4) to develop the roadside hazard evaluation model. All of these items are tobe done for establisjing the bases of roadside safety design.The findings of this research are; (1) characteristics and contributed factors of the collisions with roadside fixed objects are shown, (2) logit type model for estimating the driver's fatality risk is developed, (3) relations between driver's eye movement and roadside hazards are given, and (4) roadside hazard evaluation model for estimating the risk of roadside fixed objects and for estimating the effectiveness of relocation of their objects is developed. All of these findings would be useful for establishing the roadside safety designs.