Mechanism of Latency and its Control in Herpesvirus Infections

对疱疹病毒，特别是单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)、水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)和人类疱疹病毒6号(HHV-6)的潜伏感染和潜伏激活的机制进行了研究，并用SCID和裸鼠分析了HSV感染的免疫防御机制。为了区分HSV-1和HSV-2感染的类型，确定了HSV-1和HSV-2的DNA诊断的基本条件(Kurimura)。比较了HSV-1毒株的潜伏感染和再激活能力(Nii)。详细分析了作为HSV感染和潜伏期的靶点的神经系统(Kurata)。分析了HHV-6和VZV在体内外的潜伏感染和重新激活的方式。为此，中国对这些病毒在人体内的存在进行了检测。结果表明，HHV-6DNA在细小疱疹急性期的CD_4~+淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞中均可检出，恢复期仅在巨噬细胞中检出。用古川聚合酶链式反应对人巨细胞病毒的靶器官和潜伏感染方式进行了研究。对妊娠期宫颈排泄巨细胞病毒的孕妇进行了抗巨细胞病毒补体依赖性中和抗体的检测，并讨论了其变化对病毒再激活的影响(田中)。通过分析探讨了巨细胞病毒感染在干燥综合征中的意义自身免疫抗体(清水)：用减毒小鼠巨细胞病毒(南岛)对致死性和持续性感染进行分子分析。

The mechanisms of latent infection and reactivation from latency of herpesviruses, especially herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus(VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpes virus No.6 (HHV-6) were investigated as follows;Immune defense mechanism against HSV infection was analysed using SCID and nude mice. One of these studies showed that HSV could latently infect in these immunocompromised mice and it was reactivated by pregnancy (Mori).To distinguish HSV-1 from HSV-2 infection, type-specific DNA regions were searched for and the basic conditions for DNA diagnosis of them were determined (Kurimura).A comparison between strains of HSV-1 was performed as for the ability of latent infection and reactivation (Nii).The nervous system as target site of HSV infection and latency was analysed in detail (Kurata).The mode of latent infection and reactivation of HHV-6 and VZV was analysed in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, the existence of these viruses in human was examined by PRC. The results showed that HHV-6 DNA was detected both in CD4^+ lymphocytes and in macrophages during the acute phase of exanthem subitum and it was detected only in macrophages during the recovery phase of the disease (Tskahashi).The target organs and the mode of latent infection of human CMV were investigated by PCR (Furukawa).The titer of complement-dependent neutralizing antibodies against HCMV was examined during pregnancy in which HCMV become to be excreted from the cervix of the uterus and the influence of their change on reactivation of the virus was discussed (Tanaka).The significance of CMV infection in Sjogren's syndrome was examined by analysing autoimmune antibodies (Shimizu).Molecular analysis of lethal and persistent infections was performed by using attenuated mouse CMV (Minamishima).