A Study of the Socio-economical Structure and the Migratory Labor in the Deprived Area

日本近年来流动劳动力的趋势之一是供给区逐渐趋向于向一些具有严格的“被剥夺区”特征的特殊地区集中。由于当地经济的薄弱，这些地区除了“Dekasegi”之外几乎没有职业工作手段，并向需求地区提供大量劳动力。但他们仍然无法摆脱“贫困地区”的身份。考虑到德卡塞格问题中的这些倾向，分析被剥夺人格与德卡塞格之间的结构关系是非常重要的。然后，我们在北海道和冲绳对这个问题进行了实地研究。我们的研究区域是北海道的依山町（利崎县）和东多北村（长志县），以及冲绳的冲绳本岛和宫古岛。在北海道，Dekasegi的区域主要位于日本kai和大岛半岛的南部，这些区域也相同。对于一小块平坦的土地，许多居民，尤其是漂亮的渔民，必须在捕鱼季节的间隙从事另一项工作（Dekasegi）。除了采集海胆和海结外，他们主要从事Dekasegi，以弥补渔业管理的微薄收入。以冲绳为例，对于经济不发达的地方来说，打锣是一种不可缺少的工作手段，而且最近越来越多。冲绳的Dekasegi有很多特色；青年劳动者，目标意识强，低定居本州等。这将导致冲绳和本州之间显著的工资不平衡和社会文化气候的严格差异。

One of the recent trends of the migratory labor ("Dekasegi") in Japan is that the supply area has been tended gradually concentrate to some special areas where have a strict character as "the deprived area". Because of the weakness of their local economy, those areas have few means of occupational work except "Dekasegi", and supply the many labor forces to the demand areas. But they can not still escape from a character as"the deprived area".Thinking about those tendency in Dekasegi problems, it is very important to analyze the structural relations between the deprivedcharacter and the Dekasegi. And then, we have attempted the field study on this problem at Hokkaido and Okinawa. Our subject areas were Esan-cho (lisaki district) and Todohhoke-mura (Choshi district) in Hokkaido, and Okinawa Main Island and Miyako Island in Okinawa. In Hokkaido, the Dekasegi's areas are mainly located at a site of Nihon-kai and the south of Oshima-Peninsula, and those areas are also same too. For a little flat land, many inhabitants, especially a pretty fishermen, must engage in another work (Dekasegi) in the intervals of fishery seasons. Except gathering terms of a sea urchin and a sea tangle, they are mainly occupied with Dekasegi for making up a low income of their fishery management. Instance of Okinawa, for undeveloped coditions of local economy, the Dekasegi is a indispensable means of work and recently increases in number. Okinawa's Dekasegi are shown with many feature ; young laborers, having a strong consciousness of goals, low settle down in Honshu, etc. Those will be caused to a remarkable unbalance of wage and a strict differences of socio-cultural climate between Okinawa and Honshu.