Comparative Study on Traditional Urban Dwelling in Western Japan and Eastern Japan

1. 从构成历史城市住宅体系的周（乡镇）和町屋（町屋）在日本东西部不同的角度出发，通过对各地区五个城市的周（乡镇）和町屋（町屋）的比较，研究历史城市住宅体系的排序。研究方法是对日本东西部的5个城市进行一般比较，其中包括新研究的地方城市会津若松、佐贺和博多，以及研究积累的中心城市江户和京都。我通过对町屋的建筑调查和佐贺的文献资料，例如“佐贺Joukamachi Kamado-Cho”，来了解佐贺的城市居住系统。并从空间和社会结构的角度厘清周与町屋的顺序。我使中世纪的重建计划的博多和Shofukuji-Temple考古、文学和绘画材料,提出了中世纪的博多的实像发达在寺庙和神社 ... 更多的5。通过对日本东西部5个城市的周和町屋进行比较，得出如下结论。(1)在东日本城市中，由于社会结构中包含了等级制度，居住场所划分制度的差异性被强调。在日本西部的城市中，我并没有发现以公共平等为基础的周的排序在居住场地划分制度上的差异。(2)在日本东部町屋，由于商店商业不发达，在近代早期增加了商店空间的独立性。在日本西部的町屋，中世纪形成的商店空间与居住空间相连，而Zashiki（客房）位于最内部。(3)在由中世纪城市改造而来的近代早期地方城市中，町屋的基本形式是山墙入口式（Tuma-iri），因为町屋的起源是由农屋（Noka）上升而来。在继承中世纪城市的博多和京都，町屋的基本形式是宽度较窄的平里（无山墙入口式），因为它的起源在中世纪是由多分割的长屋上升而来。少

1. From the viewpoint that Chou (township) and Machiya (town house), which composed historical urban dwelling system, and varied with Eastern and Western Japan, I studied the ordering of historical urban dwelling system by comparison of Chou and Machiya in five cities of each region.2. The study method was based on general comparison between five cities in Eastern and Western Japan, composed of local cities newly studied, Aizu-Wakamatu, Saga and Hakata, and central cities with the accumulation of studies, Edo and Kyoto.3. I get the urban dwelling system in Saga by the architectural survey of Machiya and literature materials in Saga, for example "Saga Joukamachi Kamado-Cho". And I clear the ordering of Chou and Machiya viewed from spatial and social structure.4. I made the reconstruction of medieval plan of Hakata and Shofukuji-Temple by archaeological, literature and pictorial materials, and presented the real image of medieval Hakata which developed in and around the temple and shrine … More .5. I get conclusion as follows after the comparison between Chou and Machiya in five cities of Western and Eastern Japan.(1) In cities of Eastern Japan, the difference of dwelling site division system was emphasized because the social structure included the hierarchy. In cities of Western Japan, I could not find the difference in dwelling site division system on the assumption that the ordering of Chou based on public equality.(2) At Machiya in eaStern Japan, the independence of store space, added in early modern age, occurred because of undeveloped commerce at stores. At Machiya in Western Japan, store space which had been formed in medieval times, was joined to dwelling space, and Zashiki (guest room) was posed at the most inner part.(3) In early modern local cities reformed from medieval cities, the basic form of Machiya was Tuma-iri (gabled entrance type), because its origin was ascendant to Noka (farmer house). In Hakata and Kyoto succeeded the medieval city, the basic form of Machiya was Hira-iri (non gabled entrance type) with narrow width, because its origin was ascendant to multi-divided long house in medieval times. Less