Wandering Male Uca Arcuata and Analysis of the Social Behavior

(1)雄性美洲豹通过从洞穴中靠近和游荡来求爱。有地穴的雄鼠与无地穴的雄鼠与雌鼠的相遇率差异不显著。与流浪的雄性相比，穴居的雄性较少导致雌性流离失所。穴居雄性的行为不会减少其附近潜在配偶的可用性。穴居的雄性在与雌性的接触减少后，倾向于开始流浪。雌性被游荡的雄性引诱而流浪的现象和雄性被其他雄性引诱而流浪的现象一样多。大多数流浪的雄性取代了洞穴主人，在取代了洞穴主人之后，它们会一次或多次使用洞穴。流浪的雄性比穴居的雄性经历了更多与其他雄性的互动。流浪期间的求爱有额外的争夺时间洞穴的成本，并且流浪期间雌性的相遇率没有增加。(2)交配只发生在抱洞期间，但每固定次数的交配率在抱洞雄性和流浪雄性之间没有差异。(3)与其他种类提琴鸟的求偶行为模式进行了比较。流浪期间的求偶行为与穴居环境条件有关。非常成功的地下交配突然减少了流浪者的求爱。

(1) Male Uca arcuata courted by approaches from their burrows and by wandering. Difference in the rate of encounter with females between burrow-holding males and burrow-less wandering males was not significant. Burrow-holding males less often caused displacement of females for wandering than wandering males did. Burrow-holding males behaved not to reduce availability of potential mates in their neighborhood.Burrow dwelling males were apt to initiate wandering after decreased encounters with females. Wandering of females enticed by wandering males occurred as often as wandering of males caused by other males. Most wandering males that displaced burrow owners used the burrows one or more times after displacing the owners. Wandering males experienced more interactions with other males than burrow-holding males did. Courting during wandering had the extra cost of fighting for temporal burrows, and there was not increase of the encounter rate of females during wandering.(2) Mating exclusively occurred during holding burrows, but the rate per a fixed number of encounters with females was not different between burrow-holding males and wandering males.(3) The behavior pattern of courtship of this species was compared with other species of fiddlers. Courtship during wandering increased in relation to the environmental condition of burrowing habitat. Highly successful underground mating abruptly decreased courting by wanderers.