Making a measurement scale for analysis of the processes of human relations based on verbal communication

护理中的一个基本问题是，护士在多大程度上能够客观地了解病人的问题，而不带着护士的主观看法。由于这个问题可能与人际关系的发展有关，因此在护理教育过程中，有一个能够发展这种人际关系的培训课程是很重要的。本文在田边（1940）提出的科学思维逻辑结构框架下，提出了一种新的测量量表，用于分析基于言语交际的人际关系。此量表然后被用来描述护理教育的影响。该量表由认知对象、认知时态和认知深度三部分组成。认知对象是“自我”或“非我”。认知时态是“现在”或“其他”（即“过去”或“未来”）。认知深度可以分为四级，从一级到四级。该量表适用于六个不同的群体，以检查量表的有效性。三组研究对象均为某护理学院的大一新生，正在修读人际关系课程。其他三组的成员是在职护士培训学院的学员，正在学习两次人际关系课程。第一至第七次小组讨论的所有交流过程都被录音机记录下来，然后由四位人际关系专家进行分析，结果发现，小组成员给出的所有词汇都得到了适当的分析和归类，言语交流的内容既可以定性也可以定量。

A fundamental issue in nursing is how much the nurse is able to understand the patient's problems objectively without nurse's subjective view. Since this issue may be related to the development of human relations, it is important to have a training course to be able to develop such human relations in the course of nursing education. And it is also important to develop a measurement scale to measure and analyze the processes of such relations.In this paper, a new measurement scale is proposed under the framework of the logical structure of scientific thinking presented by Tanabe(1940) to analyze human relations based on verbal communication. This scale is then used to describe the effects on nursing education. The scale presented here consists of three components; the cognitive objects, the cognitive tense and the levels of cognitive depth. The cognitive objects would be "self" or "nonself". The cognitive tense would be "now" or "the others"(i.e. "past" or "future"). The levels of cognitive depth would be able to level into four, from level one to level four. This scale is applied to six different groups in order to examine the validity of the scale. The member of the three groups are freshman students in a nursing college and are taking the human relation course. The member of the other three groups are trainees in an inservice training institute of nursing and are taking twice the human relation course. All communication processes in the group sessions from the first to the seventh are taken by a tape recorder and then analyzed by four experts in human relations.It is found that all words given by group members are analyzed and categorised appropriately and the contents of verbal communication are able to measure qualitatively as well as quantitatively.