Field studies on the chronological social structure of New World monkeys and the dynamics of neotropical as their habitats

我们在哥伦比亚的La Macarena进行了为期三年(1990-1992年)的实地研究(1)关于共处生活的7种新大陆猴子的年代性社会结构；(2)关于作为它们栖息地的新热带森林的结构和动态。获得了以下结果。在社会结构上，卷尾猴(Cebus Apella)生活在一个多雄多雌的群体中，成员转移主要发生在雄性。群体的分化是以血缘关系为基础的。长尾猴基本上生活在一个雄性群体中，成员转移只发生在雄性群体中。当群体中的阿尔法男性改变时，杀婴。绒猴(Lagothrix Lagotricha)和蜘蛛猴(Ateles Belzebuth)生活在一个多雄多雌的群体中，并有父系社会，即成员转移主要发生在雌性身上。松鼠猴(Saimiri Scureus)生活在多雄多雌的群体中，但在日常生活中雄猴和雌猴是分开生活的。Titis(Callicebus Moloch)和夜猴(Aotus Trivirgatus)生活在一个家庭群体(配对群体)中，但它们完全隔离了自己的栖息地和日常活动。至于新热带森林，在研究区及周边地区采集的约1,800份标本中，鉴定出6.323种维管植物。从区域和林分尺度两个角度进行了植被制图。调查了扩张型曲流河弯道植被演替以及微尺度地貌和土壤理化性质的变化。在新沉积的河流土壤上，对菊科先锋灌木Tessaria ingrifolia和Baccharis salicifolia的种群动态进行了分析。研究了猕猴和鸟类种子传播的共同进化意义与它们的食物习性和植物物候的关系。

We carried out field studies for three years (1990-1992) in La Macarena of Colombia (1) on the chronological social structure of sympatrically living, seven New World monkey species and (2) on the architecture and dynamics of the neotropical forest as their habitats. Following results were obtained. As for the social structure,1. capuchins (Cebus apella) lived in a multi-male and multi-female group, and member transfer primarily occurred for males. Division of group occurred on the basis of kinship relation.2. Howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) basically lived in a one-male group, and member transfer occurred only for males. Infanticide when alphe-male of the group changed.3. woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha) and spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) lived in a multi-male and multi-female group, and had patrilineal societies, that is, member transfer primarily occurred for females.4. squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) lived in a multi-male and multi-female group, but males and females lived separately in their daily life.5. Titis (Callicebus moloch) and night monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) lived in a family group (pair-group), but they segregated their habitats and daily activities completely. As for the neotropical forest,6.323 vascular plant species were identified among ca. 1,800 specimens collected in and around the study area.7. Vegetation mapping were carried out both from regional and stand-scale points of view.8. Vegetation succession at an expending meander bend was surveyed together with changes of micro-scale landform and physicochemical soil characteristics.9. Population dynamics of Tessaria integrifolia and Baccharis salicifolia, pioneer shrubs of Asteraceae, were analyzed on newly deposited riverine soils.10. co-evolutional significance of seed dispersal by monkeys and birds were studied in relation to their food habits and phenology of plant species.