Life history of Japanese monkey males in the matrilineal social structure

日本猕猴具有母系社会结构，雌性猕猴的生活史研究已有50多年的历史。但由于野外追捕的难度，对非群居雄性大熊猫的研究很少。本研究的目的是明确男性的生活史。研究结果如下：1)非部队男性经历了随队和不随队两个阶段。2)非跟随型男性也有两个阶段：独居男性和男性群体男性。3)成群男性、随军男性和不跟随男性的比例为2：3：3.4。4)男性群体中4~10岁的青年男性和15岁以上的老年男性独居。5)稳定的男性群体是由同龄或同代的男性组成的。6)在繁殖期，年龄最大的雄鸟离开雄群，开始跟随群居运动。7)雄性群体中年龄最小的雄性经常回到它的出生队。8)这只雄鸟将其队伍中的年轻雄鸟带到雄鸟群中，这是迁出的主要机制。9)在金卡赞种群中，男性从出生群体迁出的年龄最多的是4~6岁。10)在移民男性大军中的停留时间从1年到8年不等。11)在他的一生中，雄性猕猴只迁徙了一到两支队伍。从这些结果中，我们可以大致描述雄性日本猕猴的生活史。

Japanese macaques have the matrilineal social structure, and the life history of females has been studied more than 50 years. But non-troop males have been scarcely studied because of the difficulty of the pursuit in the wild. The purpose of this study makes clear the life history of males.Results of this study are as follows : 1)There are two stages in the non-troop males ; troop-following male and non-following male. 2)There are also two stages in the non-following male ; solitary male and male-group male. 3)The ratio of troop male, troop-following male and non-following male is 2:3:3. 4)Young males aged from 4 to 10 years old live in the male-group and old males aged over 15 years old live in solitary. 5)Stable male-group is formed based on males of same age or same generation of the same troop. 6)The highest aged male leaves the male-group and begins to follow the troop movement in breeding season. 7)The lowest aged male of the male-group often returns back to his natal troop. 8)This male takes out younger males of his troop to the male-group, and it is the main mechanism of emigration. 9)The age of male emigration from the natal troop is most frequently from 4 to 6 years old in Kinkazan population. 10)Length of stay in the troop of immigrant males varies from 1 to 8 years. 11)Throughout his life, the male immigrates only one or two other troops.From these results, it is possible to describe roughly the life history of the male Japanese macaques.