Scientific surrey on the structure and history of large masonry dome* in Asia Minor and its surrounding districts

1992年8月1日至10月6日，我们小组对伊斯坦布尔圣索菲亚大教堂的圆顶和半圆顶进行了一系列关于历史和结构研究的调查和测量。我们的研究包括以下四个部分。1)西部半穹顶和中央穹顶的摄影测量。2)微震测量。3)建筑材料化学分析。4)对圆顶飞檐进行详细观察和目视记录。摄影测量的结果是西部半圆顶和中央圆顶的等高线地图，包括垂坠。中央穹顶的数字化网格数据约为71,000点，四个吊坠的数据约为31,000点。对中央圆顶等高线图的分析可以提供一些关于6世纪部分与10世纪和14世纪重建表面相邻的确切边界的信息。由于屋顶的投影，从地面上无法拍摄到圆顶和飞檐之间的区域。从檐口进行摄影测量，但由于Fossati栏杆阻挡了该区域的视野，因此数据不足，因此采用直接测量作为补偿。测量工作包括测量檐口石表面的倾斜度。对檐口石的表面整理也进行了检查和记录。为了获得一系列的结构信息，同时进行了微震测量。根据我们的测量，圣索菲亚大教堂的基频在南向和东向都约为1hz。还测量了四个尖塔中的两个的微震动。西南石塔和东南砖塔的基频分别为1 Hz和1.25 Hz。对伊斯坦布尔城墙上的样品进行了化学和物理分析，包括电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、x射线粉末衍射、热重分析、红外光谱和扫描电镜分析。少

From August 1 to October 6 of 1992, our group carried out a series of surveys and measurements concerning historical and structural studies of the dome and semi-domes of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. Our research contains the following four works.1) Photogrammetry of the western semi-dome and the central dome.2) Measurement of the micro tremor.3) Chemical analysis of building materials.4) Detailed observation and visual recording of the dome cornice.The result of the photogrammetry is the contour maps of the western semi-dome and the central dome including pendentives. The digitized mesh data will be approximately 71,000 points for the central dome and 31,000 for the four pendentives. The analysis of the contour map of the central dome may give some information about the exact borders of the 6th century section adjoining to the reconstructed surface of 10th and 14th century. The area between the dome and the cornice could not be photographed from the floor because of the projection of the la … More tter . The photogrammetry from the cornice was done but since data was not sufficient due to the Fossati railing blocking the view of this area, direct measurement were taken as compensation. The surveying work included the measurement of the inclination of the surface of the cornice stones. The surface finishing of the cornice stones was also examined and recorded.In order to obtain a series of structural information, simultaneous micro tremor measurements were carried out. According to our measurements, the fundamental frequency of Hagia Sophia is about I Hz in both Ns and EW directions. Micro tremors of the two of the four minarets were also measured. The fundamental frequencies of the south-west stone minaret and the south-east brick minaret are 1 Hz and 1.25 Hz respectively.The chemical and physical analyses of the samples taken from the city wall of Istanbul include Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis, Infrared spectroscopy and SEM analysis. Less