International Turkish Labor Migration and its Impact of Urban Problems

本研究项目旨在分析国际土耳其劳动力迁移及其对土耳其和德国城市发展的影响。我们得到了土耳其同行Rusen Keles教授和Pulat Otkan Ankara大学教授以及国家和地方政府有关当局工作人员的衷心支持。但这一次我们没有太多的研究资金和时间，所以我们不能访问德国，我们的初衷也没有完全实现。土耳其向西方国家输出了大量劳动力，特别是自20世纪60年代以来集中在德国，也活跃在地区间和/或农村向城市的迁移。特别是，土耳其安卡拉、伊斯坦布尔和伊兹密尔三个人口超过100万的大城市迅速发展，有计划或自发地扩大了建成区，聚集了大量来自这些国家的返乡移民。返乡移民主要聚集在这些城市，以他的少量积累的资本形成了Gecekondu，他们开始在容易参与的第三产业活动中创造新的工作。我们发现，他们也是在社会移民中崛起的，其中许多第二代人进入了大学。更深入的研究，包括对两国的问卷调查，留到明年的主要主题。

This study project aimed at analyzing international Turkish labor migration and its impact on urban developments both Turkey and Germany. We got heartful support from the Turkish counterparts Prof. Dr. Rusen Keles and Prof. Dr. Pulat Otkan Ankara University and the stuff members at concerning authorities, both national and local governments. But this time we have not much research fund and time, therefore, we could not visit Germany, and our original intentions were not achieved completely.Turkey is exported the great number of labor forces to the Western countries, especially concentrated in Germany since 1960s and also active in interregional and / or rural to urban migration. Particularly, Turkish three big cities with over one million population, Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir which have been rapid urban growth and expanded built up areas by planned or spontaneous gathered large number of return migrants from those countries. Return migrants had been mainly accumulated these cities to make the formation of gecekondu with his small gained capital and they began to make new job in tertiary activities in which were easily to take parts. We find that they are also risen in social migration and many of those second generation enter to the universities. More intensive research including questionnaire to both countries left to nest year's main theme.