Control of Electron Transfer and Molecular Devices by the Use of Molecular Thin Films and Interfaces between Two Phases

近年来，人们已经可以制备分子尺度的超薄膜，如LB膜、分子束外延膜、电聚合膜、等离子体聚合膜等。嵌埋在脂质双层中的氧化还原酶在生物系统中控制电子转移和能量转换的重要作用在结构和功能方面也变得清晰。利用扫描隧道显微镜（STM）研究超薄膜的结构和两相之间的界面变得很流行。在这些情况下，是次合作研究的目的（A）是以“超薄膜及两相间电子转移的控制及分子器件的发展”为主题，透过合作发展下列课题：该领域活跃的科学家之间的业务研究活动。主题包括五个分主题：1）在聚合物超薄膜和液体溶液之间的界面处的电子转移的控制，2）在LB膜和分子组装体中的电子转移的控制及其在分子器件中的应用，3）通过控制电子转移将能量转化为化学物质，4）在生物分子之间的电子转移的控制，（5）固体表面的电子转移和STM。通过在年会上同宿同餐的富有成效的讨论，我们几乎达到了我们的目的，而且还可以在成员之间交流科学技术和思想，包括属于小组成员的年轻科学家。经过三年的努力，我们发表了这份报告，并对这一领域的未来进行了展望。

Recently,it became possible to make ultra thin films with thickness of molecular dimension such as Langmuir- Blodgett(LB) films,organic molecular beam epitaxial(MBE) films,electropolymerized films,plasma polymerized films,etc.It also become clear in terms of the structures and the functions that redox enzymes embedded in lipid bilayers play important roles in the control of electron transfer and thus energy conversion in biological systems.In addition,the study of Scanning Tunneling Microscope(STM) becomes popular to study the structures of the ultra thin films and the interface between two phases.In these situations,the purpose of the present co-operative research(A) is to develop the following subjects under the main theme of "the control of the electron transfer in the ultra thin films and between two phases and development of molecular devices" by co-operative research activities among active scientists in the fields. The main theme consists of five sub-subjects: 1)the control of electron transfer at the interface between polymer ultra thin films and liquid solutions, 2)the control of electron transfer in LB films and in molecular assemblies and its application to molecular devices, 3)conversion of energy to chemicals by control of electron transfer, 4)control of electron transfer between biomolecules,and 5)electron transfer on solid surfaces and STM.We could attain almost our purposes and further we could exchange scientific techniques and ideas among the members including young scientists belonging to the team members through the fruitful discussions in the annual meetings in which the members stayed in the same lodges and meals. As the results of these efforts for three years,we published the report and also could have future prospects in this field.