Researches on the agricultural resuscitation of desertified arid lands

本研究项目的目的是通过恢复农业生产力来恢复沙漠化干旱区的农业生产。将防渗膜、透水再生纸、碳酸镁粉、秸秆等不同覆盖物在不同气候条件下对土壤水分保持率和土壤温度的影响进行了研究，并将其应用于不同气候条件下的干旱地区。研究和讨论了温室空气通过地下馅饼循环抽灌灌溉水，并在管壁凝结水汽的方法。提出了1)估算蒸腾变化和2)咸水灌溉对盐分积累影响的数值分析方法，并通过根箱实验验证了新方法的准确性。根据在人工气候室中进行的试验结果，通过田间调查，找出了高纬度干旱地区内涝问题的存在及其重要性。建立了利用四个电极探头传感器在不干扰土壤的情况下同时测量水盐运动的精确系统。谷子和玉米抗旱性的品种差异，五种豆科作物和四种大豆作物的抗旱性和耐盐性的品种间差异，11种豆科作物和禾本科作物的盐度差异，并阐明了8个禾本科作物品种的抗旱性和耐盐性的种间差异，用稀释海水(盐度浓度为1000ppm)灌溉菠菜增产30%，说明菠菜耐盐碱在盐碱条件下是可行的。

The purose of this research project is to resuscitate the agrculture in the desertified arid lands by recovering the agricultural productivities. Summaries of the researches are as follows.Effects of various mulches such as impermeable films, and permeable reproduced paper, magnesium carbonate powder, straw and etc. on waer retentivity and controlling soil temperature were carified to apply them into arid lands under varius climate conditions.A method to withdraw irrigated water by circulating greenhouse air thrugh the underground pies and condense the vapor at the pipe wall was examined and discussed.New methods 1)to estimate the transpiration change and 2)to analyze salt accumulation numerically influenced by saline water irrigation were made and confirmed the accuracy by the experiments with the root boxes.Amodel to analyze the water and salt movement simultaneously, which was based on the experimental results conducted in the artificial weather chamber, was made, and the existence and importance of waterlogging problem in the high latitudinal arid lands were found by the field investigation.An accurate system to measure the water and salt movement simultaneously withut disturbing soils using four electrode probes sensor was established.Varietal difference of drought resistance among millet and corn, varietal and interspecific differences of drought resistance and salinity tolerance among five species of pulse crops and four secies of soybean crops, interspecific differences of salinity toerance among eleven species of ulse and gramineous crops, and interspecific difference of drought resistance and salinity tolerance amng eight varieties of gramineous cros were clarified.Thirty ercents increase in the yield of spinach by irrigating diluted sea water (salinity concentration of 1,000ppm) was shown, and the practicality of no peel seed of spinachin the salinity condition because of its salinity tolerance was indicated.