Reformation of lichen thallus from the cultured tissue

1.除以前的菌种外，还从博宁岛、夏威夷、芬兰、瑞典和德国采集了地衣。从这些地衣菌体中诱导出培养组织(约150株)，并在实验室的几个培养箱中保存。2.地衣菌体是从培养组织中转化而来的。菌体改造的条件包括：营养不良(2-3%水琼脂培养基)、适温(15ﾟC-18ﾟC)和光照(日周期约2000勒克司)。3.详细研究了Peltigera preetextata叶状体形成的发育阶段。4.Peltigera的12种植物中，有6种在体外形成了它们的叶状体。(4)在潮湿条件下获得了在自然界中不常见的蓝藻形态，在干燥条件下获得了其与绿藻形态的嵌合体。5.Peltigera apthosa的天然绿藻形态和蓝藻形态在体外均检测到相同的化学物质。(6)在培养的毛松茸中，松萝酸的含量随着叶状体的形成而增加。(7)毛松茸的菌体与天然亲本地衣的菌体相似。(8)根据我们的培养工作，地衣可以被认为是真菌与绿藻或蓝藻组成的特殊生态系统。(9)培养地衣的细胞团常常产生与自然形成的地衣不同的化学物质。为了研究培养地衣的化学成分，对自然发生的地衣的叶状体进行了严格的研究，发现了几种以前没有报道过的次要物质。(10)分离的真菌提供给其他研究地衣生理学(光合作用)、生物化学(细胞色素的分子研究)和应用领域(酪氨酸酶抑制对人体皮肤的影响等)的合作研究人员。

1. In addition to the previous culture stock, lichens were collected from Bonnin Island, Hawaii, Finland, Sweden, and Germany. From these lichen thallus, cultured tissues (ca 150 strains) were induced and have been maintained in several incubators in the laboratory. 2. Lichen thalli were intended to reform from cultured tissues. The condition of the thallus reforming include : poor nutrition (2-3 % water agar medium), moderate temperature (15ﾟC-18ﾟC), and lighting (ca. 2000 lux with a daily cycle). 3. The developmental stages of the thallus formation were investigated in detail in Peltigera praetextata. 4. Among 12 species of Peltigera, 6 species reformed their thallus in vitro. (4) The cyanobacterial morphotype of peltigera aphthosa, which are not common in nature, was obtained under wet conditions, and its chimeroid associations with green algal morphotype were obtained under dry conditions. 5. Same chemical substances were detected in both the natural green algal morphotype of Peltigera aphthosa and its cyanobacterial morphotype in vitro. (6) In the cultured Usnea hirta, the content of usnic acid was increased according to the thallus formation. (7) The mycobiont of Usnea hirta formed the similar thallus of natural parent lichens. (8) Based on our culture works a lichen can be considered as a special ecosystem of a fungus with green algae or cyanobacteria. (9) Cell aggregates of cultured lichens often produce different chemical substances from those of naturally occurred lichens. To investigate chemical substances of cultured lichens, the thallus of naturally occurred lichens were critically studied and found several minor substances, which were not reported previously. (10) Isolated mycobionts were furnished to other cooperative researchers, who have studied lichen physiology (photosynthesis), biochemistry (molecular studies of cytochrome), and applied fields (the effect of tyrosinase inhibition to human skin, ect.).