Romantic relationships of adolescents and young adults: Reproducing gendered ideologies and identities?

这个项目旨在探索恋爱关系如何塑造年轻人在青春期和青春期过渡时的性别意识形态和职业伙伴偏好。它寻求有助于更细微地理解性别意识形态和性别认同在整个生命过程中的发展，这对于理解许多现代后工业社会朝着更多性别平等主义信念和做法转变的缓慢步伐至关重要。研究青年性别意识形态和职业伙伴偏好的形成也很重要，因为它们已被证明可以预测成年人在各个领域长期存在的性别做法和结果。本研究从生命历程的角度出发，将性别作为一种社会结构的概念(Risman，2004)与认知发展理论(Kohlberg，1966)、社会认同理论(Stets&Burke，2000)和社会学习理论(Bandura，1971)相结合，探索恋爱关系经历如何减缓年轻人对性别平等日益增长的渴望的机制。我们借鉴了来自不同国家的代表性纵向数据集，并探索了三种可能调节恋爱关系如何塑造性别信仰的具体机制：i)适应伴侣的信仰，ii)关系质量和沟通行为，iii)源于家庭和劳动力市场制度长期差异的性别文化，从而扩展了先前的研究。在德国家庭小组PIIRFAM(亲密关系和家庭动态小组分析)的基础上，我们首先计划探索转变为分居关系或同居关系以及增加关系持续时间是否与异性年轻人，尤其是女性，随着时间的推移，平等主义性别意识形态和职业伙伴偏好的增长较小有关。为了更好地了解在互动情侣层面上形成浪漫关系体验影响的相关机制，该项目的第二部分将调查浪漫伴侣之间态度一致的重要性，以及与关系质量和沟通行为的相互依赖。第三，我们将考察在性别文化较为传统的国家背景下，转变为分居关系或同居关系以及增加关系持续时间的预期传统化效果是否更强。除了比较东德和西德之外，我们还将基于世代和性别调查的两波面板数据，对14个现代后工业化社会进行跨国比较分析。通过调查具有规范背景和互动关系进程的相互依存关系，该项目试图找出在早期浪漫关系中促进或阻碍性别解体的情况。

This project aims to explore how romantic relationships shape young people’s gender ideologies and career-partnership preferences as they transition across adolescence and young adulthood. It seeks to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of gender ideology and identity developments across the life course, which is crucial to make sense of the slow(ing) pace of change towards more gender egalitarian beliefs and practices in many modern post-industrial societies. Studying the formation of gender ideologies and career-partnership preferences in youth is also important, as they have been shown to predict persistently gendered practices and outcomes of adults in various domains. This research assumes a life-course perspective and integrates the conceptualization of gender as a social structure (Risman, 2004) with cognitive-developmental theory (Kohlberg, 1966), social identity theory (Stets & Burke, 2000) and social learning theory (Bandura, 1971) to explore the mechanisms how romantic relationship experiences may slow down young people’s increasing aspirations towards gender equality. We extend previous studies by drawing on representative longitudinal data sets from different country contexts and by exploring three specific mechanisms that may moderate how romantic relationships shape gender beliefs: i) adaptation to one’s partner’s beliefs, ii) relationship quality and communication behaviours, and iii) gender cultures that originate in long-standing differences in family and labour market institutions. Drawing on the German Family Panel pairfam (Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics), we first plan to explore whether transitions into living-apart-together relationships or cohabitations and increasing relationship duration are associated with smaller growth in egalitarian gender ideologies and career-partnership preferences among heterosexual young people, especially women, over time. To gain a better understanding of relevant mechanisms that shape the impact of romantic relationship experience at the interactional couple level, the second part of the project will investigate the importance of attitude alignment between romantic partners and the interdependence with relationship quality and communication behaviours. Third, we will examine whether the expected traditionalising effect of transitions into living-apart-together relationships or cohabitations and increasing relationship duration are stronger in country contexts with more traditional gender cultures. In addition to comparing East and West Germany, we will conduct a cross-nationally comparative analysis of 14 modern postindustrial societies based on two-wave panel data from the Generations and Gender Survey. By investigating the interdependencies with normative context and interactional relationship processes, the project seeks to identify circumstances which facilitate or hinder the undoing of gender in early romantic relationships.