Experimental study concerning escape behavior of big size group and intragroup conflict in a simulated panic situation

本研究题目下共进行了四种实验。第一个实验是大鼠组的三维迷宫逃脱。大约40名参与者同时逃跑。实验结果表明，与非危机工况相比，危机工况在出发后立即、转弯处和转弯处都发生了较大的拥堵。此外，危机延长了迷宫中的逃离时间和移动距离。由于拥挤的世代和崩塌的重复，观察到逃生成功人数的时断时续的增减现象。第二个实验试图澄清危机中逃跑成功率下降的几个原因。可能的原因是群体成员的平均活动水平因去个性化或社会便利化而上升，以及少数自私自利者的存在。为了弄清原因，设置了一个瓶颈情况。在这种情况下，出口宽度随群体大小成比例地变化。尽管采用了上述实验方法，但逃逸时间并不是恒定的。换句话说，大群体在瓶颈状态下花费的时间比小群体要长。这一结果表明，在大群体中，自私自利者的逃逸效率降低并不仅仅是由少数自私自利者造成的。第三个实验的目的是比较恐惧对迷宫中个体和群体条件下逃跑行为的影响。结果表明：在群体逃离条件下，由于交通堵塞的发生，恐惧增加了到达出口所需的时间和移动，而在个人逃离条件下，恐惧减少了到达出口所需的时间。实验四试图研究迷宫中T形发散点上的路径选择行为，并建立表达人的运动流的数学模型。模型得到的数据与实验数据相吻合。

Four kinds of experiment were done under this research title. First experiment was three-dimensional maze escape of big size group. About 40 participants escaped at once. As a result of the experiment, the large jam was occurred in the crisis condition in immediately after the departure, the turning point, and the corner compared with non-crisis condition. Moreover, crisis lengthened escape time and locomotive distance in the maze. The phenomenon that the number of escape success person increased and decreased intermittently was observed because the generations of congest and the collapses were repeated.The second experiment tried to clarified several causes of the decrease of the escape success rate in the crisis. The causes that may be thinkable are a rise of group member's average activity level by de-individuation or by social facilitation and the existence of small number of self-regard person. To clarify the causes, a bottleneck situation was set. In this situation, width of outlet changes in proportion to group size. In spite of above experimental procedure, escape time was not constant. In other word, the time spent in the bottle neck situation was longer in big size group than in small group. This result suggests that the decrease of escape effectiveness of a large size group was not caused only by small number of self-regard person.The aim of the third experiment is to compare the effects of fear on escape behavior of individual and group conditions in a maze. The results: Fear increased the time and locomotion required to reach the exit, because of the occurrence of a traffic jam in the group escape condition, however, fear reduced time in the individual escape condition.The forth experiment attempted to investigate the route selection behavior on a T shaped divergent point in a maze, and to make a mathematical model that expresses stream of people's locomotion. The data derived from the model fairy correspond to the experimental data.