Fetal Distress and neurological function

胎儿运动、脑皮质电图和脑血流被认为是胎儿中枢神经系统的功能参数。我们以山羊和人胎为研究对象，研究了妊娠和分娩过程中各项指标的定性和定量变化。用人工羊水体外培养山羊胎，记录其胎动、肌电和皮质电图（FEOG）。根据肌电图和肉眼观察，将胎山羊躯干运动分为滚动、拉伸、抽动和全身运动四种模式。妊娠第115天出现FEOG活动，妊娠第120天观察到两种不同的皮层电活动。130 d后明显观察到高振幅慢活跃期。采用4台超声仪同时观察妊娠后半期人体的运动情况。肢体动作分为四肢动作和躯干动作，躯干动作又分为屈、伸、滚、惊、跳、扭六种。快速运动如惊吓和跳跃是最常见的，直到孕27周。屈曲和拉伸在妊娠28-31周发生率最高。惊跳发生率在28周后迅速下降。扭动主要发生在妊娠32周和39周。40周后滚动发生率增加。妊娠后半期肢体运动发生率高。用脉冲多普勒法测定分娩过程中母体子宫、脐带及胎儿大脑中动脉血流速度波形。子宫收缩时母体子宫动脉阻力指数高于舒张时，而脐动脉和胎儿大脑中动脉阻力指数在子宫收缩和舒张期间无变化。脐动脉阻力指数随产程提前逐渐下降。少

Fetal movements, electrocorticogram and cerebral blood flow are ragarded as functional parameters of fetal central nervous system. we studied on qualitative and quantitative changes of the parameters during pregnancy and labor using goat and human fetuses.1. Fetal movements, electromyogram and electrocorticogram (FEOG) were recorded using fetal goats which were incubated in an artificial amniotic fluid with extrauterine incubation system. On the basis of the findings of electromyogram and observation of fetal movements with naked eyes, the trunk movements of fetal goats were divedid into four patterns : rolling, stretch, twitch and generalized movements. Activity of FEOG appeared on 115 days of gestation, and two different kinds of electrocortical activity were observed after 120 days. High amplitude slow activity periods were clearly observed after 130 days.2. Human fetal body movements were observed in the second half of pregnancy by using four ultrasonic machines simultaneously. Bod … More y movements were divided into limb movements and trunk movements, which were further divided into six patterns : flexion, stretch, rolling, startle, jumping, writhing. Quick movements such as startle and jumping were most frequently observed until 27 weeks of gestational age. Flexion and stretch showed the peak incidence at 28-31 weeks of gestation. Incidences of startle and jumping decreased rapidiy after 28 weeks. Writhing were mainly observed during 32 and 39 weeks of gestation. The incidence of rolling increased after 40 weeks. Limb movements showed high incidence throughout the secongd half of pregnancy.3. Maternal uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arterial blood flow velocity waveformes were obtained during labor with pulsed doppler method. Resistance index of maternal uterine artery was higher during uterine contraction than relaxation, on the other hand, those of umbilical artery and fetal middle cerebral artery showed no chages between uterine contraction and relacation. Resistance index of umbilical artery decreased gradually in advance with labor. Less