A Policy Study on the Costs and Payr of the Higher Education in Japan.

日本高等教育的发展主要得益于私立大学的扩大。结果，高等教育成本对家庭部门的依赖程度越来越大。特别是自1980年以来，我国家庭教育支出越来越大。然而，一方面，政府对高等教育的支出应该增加，社会上并没有形成共识，另一方面，国立大学的性质正在逐步向私立大学靠拢。这个方向对吗？目前，关于大学改革的意见甚嚣尘上，但基于对改革方案和实际状况的充分理解，围绕教育成本展开的讨论却很少。我们认为，围绕高等教育成本展开研究是重要的。因此，在我们的报告中，高等教育成本的实际状况从以下三个角度进行了分析，以找出一些政治含义， ...更多信息 高等教育的成本由谁来承担？1.学费是由什么决定的，如何决定的？除了对学费的变化及其原因进行实证分析外，还考虑了学费的政治哲学和决策过程。2.奖学金有助于高等教育机会的平等？除了大学，研究生院也被分析。U.S.A.is 3.不同类型大学家庭收入的差异大学有多种类型，如公立或私立大学、城市或农村大学、学生所在地或非所在地大学等，不同类型大学家庭收入的差异是显著的。分析结果揭示了家庭收入对大学选择的影响。同时，也对国立大学在高等教育机会均等中的作用进行了思考。最后，根据分析结果进一步阐明了课题。日本的高等教育正处于转折点。国立大学、公立大学、私立大学的职能分工日益模糊，专业学院、学院、大学、研究生院的分工更加不固定，传统的高等教育经费筹措方式已不再有效。重构新的高等教育筹资方式，需要重新探讨高等教育成本由谁来支付、政府对高等教育的支持力度如何等问题。少

Higher education in Japan has expanded mainly dues to the extension of the universities founded by private sector. As a consequence, the degree of dependence of higher education costs on ffamily sector have become larger. Especially, since 1980 the educational expenditure on family has been greater and greater. There is, however, no social consensus that the governmental expenditure on the higher education shoul increase, and on the other hand, the character of national universities are getting similar to the private ones step by step. Is this direction right?Opinions for the reforming of universities are now in the boom, but discussion based on the sound understanding of both reforming plans and actual state around educational costs is few.We have thought that it is important to study around the costs of higher education. So, in our report the actual state of the costs of higher education is analyzed from the following three points of view, to find out some political implications on t … More he problem ; who sould bear the costs of the higher education.1.By what and how the tuition fees decided?Besides positive analyzes if the changes of school fees and their causes, poliyical philpsophy and decision-making process of school fees are considered.2.Scholarships contribute to the equality of oppotunities for higher education?In addition to the universities, graduate schools are analyzed. And the cases in U.S.A.is considered in comparison, where Scholarships have contribute successfully.3.The difference of family income between university types.There exisis many types of universities, as founded by government or private sector, locate urban or rural area, lovcate student's native district or not, and so on. The difference of family income between these types of university is distinguished. Results of this analysis implicate us the effect of family income on the choice of university. And, at the same time, the role of the national universities on the equality of oppotunities for higher education is considered.Finally, we clarified further subject based on the findings of our analyzes.The higher education in Japan is now at a turning point. Differences of functions between sections, national, public, and private university, are getting obscure, and the division of professional school, college, university, and graduate school is more unfixed.As a result, the traditional way of funding for the higher education is no more effective. To re-struct ways of funding for new higher education system, we should again discuss who should pay the costs of higher education, how the governmental support for higher education should be. Less