The Multinational Comparative Studies on the Use of Time.

在这个研究项目中，我们对时间的使用进行了跨国比较研究。本课题的主要内容有：1、设计思路；日本与加拿大基于纵向事件日期（1972年和1992年）的比较研究，2。基于16个国家（包括日本和加拿大）的综合时间使用日期的跨国比较研究。基于事件数据的分析最有意义的结果之一是两国工作日时间使用模式的差异。在日本，单身人士在“5点以后”（从10点到17点）不在家从事较长时间的休闲活动，家庭主妇在“白天”（从17点到24点）不在家从事较长时间的休闲活动。这些特征受到年龄、家庭结构、收入和其他属性的影响。这一结果表明，结合时间日志中不太集中的方面，如时间、地点、时间持续时间，可以清楚地表明工作日时间使用模式的差异。此外，本文还将时间日志中不太关注的方面整合为新的视角“活动设置”，加深了对日加比较研究的理解。跨国比较研究主要包括1.跨国比较研究；2.年龄的影响；2 .家庭成员之间作为替代、补充或隔离的关系；3 .教育背景对教育文化活动的影响；4 .将我们独创的“生活质量指数”（多样性指数、一致性指数和公平性指数）应用于16个国家。用数学方法（聚类分析、因子分析）对16个国家的相似性进行分析。

In this research project, we have made multinational comparative study on the use of time. Mainl points of this project are, 1. Comparative study based on longitudinal episode-date (1972 and 1992) detween Japan and Canada, 2. Multinational comparative study based on aggregated time use date of 16 countries (include Japan and Canada).One of the most meaningful results of the analysis based on episode-data is, difference of the time use pattern on weekdays between two countries. In Japan single paerson does longer activeleisure activities not at home on "after five" (from 10 to 17), and housewife dies longer activeleisure activities not at home on "daytime" (from 17 : 00 to 24 : 00). These features are affected by age, family structure, income and other attributes. This results mean that the combination of still less focused facets of time diary such as timing, place, duration of time of each activities make clear the difference of the time use pattern on weekdays. Furthermore, less focused facets of time diary are comined to be new viewpoint "Activity Setting", which deepen the understanding of comparative study detween Japan and Canada.The multinational comparative study is mainly consist of 1. Influence of aging, 2. Relation between family members as substitution, supplementation, or isolation between their duration of time, 3. Effects of educational background on educational and cultural activities, 4.Application of our original "the quality of life indexes" (variety index, conformity index, and harriedness index) to 16 countries, 5. Similarity of 16 countries by mathematical methods (cluster analysis, factor analysis).