Development of the high sensitive detector for the time-resolved measurement of the X-ray small angle scattering of the biological material in solution

小角度分析是一种从形状、大小等方面了解分子结构的有力方法。一般情况下，散射强度很弱，需要高灵敏度的探测器才能准确地观测到散射强度。在本课题中，我们研制了一种适用于小角度散射实验的新型x射线探测器。该成像板由富士照相株式会社开发，用于单晶衍射仪，安装在新的探测器上。板材尺寸为115x190mm，在滚筒上进行圆柱状轧制。板的一个方向是用于数据的散射角，另一个方向是沿着经过的时间进行时间分辨测量。通过改变滚筒的转速从440转到0转，数据沿滚筒的间隔发生了变化。读取板的像素大小为0.1mmx0.1mm，每个板观察4.5MB的数据通过高速ADC传输到计算机。测量整个平面上的数据，以估计随平面位置的变化。准确度估计在3%以下。由于每次测量的精彩数据没有正确地估计相对强度，因此发现进料现象对时间分辨率测量造成了严重的问题。对观测数据的解析解释表明，衰落近似为exp（-bt^<1/2>）。计算机通过RS-232C控制探测器，并通过SCSI接口将数据保存到磁盘上。观察到的数据可以显示在监视器显示屏上。用镀镍镜聚焦x射线，用止流池作为蛋白质溶液的样品支架进行时间分辨测量。计算机上还安装了小角散射分析程序。虽然获得了时间分辨结构研究的基本数据，但分析的准确性尚不清楚。进一步的研究将证明新探测器的能力。少

The small-angle analysis is a powerful method to understand the structure of the molecule, in the sense of the shape, size and so on. Generally, the intensity of the scattering is very weak, and the high sensitive detector is necessary to observe the intensity accurately. In the present project, we have developed the new X-ray detector suitable for the small-angle scattering experiment. The imaging plate, which was developed by Fuji photo Co. Ltd. and is utilized for the single crystal diffractometer, was installed in the new detector. The plate was 115x190mm in size and was rolled cylindrically on the drum. One direction of the plate is for the scattering angle of the data, and the other is along the elapsed time for the time resolved measurement. The interval of the data along the drum was varied by changing the rotating speed of the drum from 440 to 0 rpm.. The pixel size for reading the plate was 0.1mmx0.1mm, and 4.5MB data were observed per plate were transfered to the computer th … More rough the high speed ADC. The data in the whole plane was measured to estimate the variation dependent on the place of the plane. The accuracy was estimated to be below 3%. The feeding phenomenon was found to take the serious problem for the time resolved measurement, because the relative intensity was not estimated correctly inspire of the splendid data for each measurement. The analytical interpretation of the observed data showed that the fading was approximated by exp(-bt^<1/2>).The computer controls the detector through the RS-232C, and saves the data to the disc through the SCSI interface. The observed data can be displayed on the monitor display. The X-ray was focused with a nickel-coated mirror and the stopped flow cell was applied for the time resolved measurement as a sample holder of the protein solution. The program for the analysis of the small angle scattering were also installed on the computer. Although the basic data for the time-resolved structural studies were obtained, the accuracy of the analysis is not known exactly. The further studies will prove the ability of the new detector. Less