Fundamental Study on Walking information and Guidance Systems for The Blind and The Elderly Using Faint Electric Waves

通过我们对信息和引导系统的基础研究，我们已经获得了大量的信息，这些系统帮助盲人和老年人利用微弱的电波独自走在街上。这些研究大致分为两个领域。一是对盲人进行意识调查和步行训练，绘制心理地图；二是分析从手持无线电获取信息所需的电场输出强度与声压之间的相互关系特征。心理地图调查对象对步行障碍、路标、车站升降、公共交通方式及步行必备信息的认知情况。这些都是在一所盲人学校的学生的合作下完成的。从这项研究中获得了非常重要的行走信息。此外，在从地铁站到县…的街道上行走的训练外观更多的盲人图书馆被摄像机记录下来，训练员的行走训练过程也被记录在磁带上。通过对研究记录数据的分析，明确了盲人行走的特点，明确了制作心理地图所需的信息种类和提供方法。此外，一种将心理地图制作成手册的方法已经确定。本研究的主要目的是：1.从表面信息重于引导的观点出发，制作心理地图，利用方圆几米范围内可以听到的微弱电波提供信息。电场输出强度与声压的相互关系特性微弱电波的电场输出强度与接收这种波的无线电(在恒定体积下)的声压之间的相互关系是很重要的，因为我们所使用的便携式无线电没有AGT。实验结果表明，即使发射机输出的微弱电波强度小于60分贝，电台输出的声压在5米半径范围内也没有变化。另一方面，原来收音机里听不到声音，因为微弱电波的输出强度在5米半径内迅速下降，声音强度也成比例下降。较少

Much information has been obtained through our fundamental researches on the information and guidance systems which assist the blind and the elderly in walking alone on the streets using faint electric waves. The researches were broadly divided into two fields. One was the investigation of consciousness and training of the blind to walk for making a psychological map, and the other was the analysis of mutual relation characteristics between the output strength of an electric field and the sound pressure which were needed to collect information from a handy radio.1. The psychological mapThe consciousness about obstacles to walk, landmarks,ascent and descent at station public transportation mode and necessary information to walk were investigated. these were done with the cooperation of the students at a school for the blind. Very important walking information has been obtained from the study. Furthermore, an appearance of training to walk on a street from a subway station to a prefectur … More al library for generally blind men was recorded on a video camera and a process of training to walk by a trainer was also recorded on tapes. From the analysis of the data recorded from the study, walking characteristics of the blind have been clarified.The kind of information and a method of offering it which were needed to make a psycho-logical map have been clarified. In addition, a method to make a psychological map into a manual has become definite. In this study, from an opinion that surface information is more important than guidance, making the psychological map to offer the information by the use of faint electric waves which is listened within few meters radius is the principal objective.2. Mutual relation characteristics between output strength of electric field and the sound pressureMutual relation between output strength of electric field of the faint electric waves and the sound pressure of radio (under constant volume) which teceives this waves is important, because handy radio used in our study did not have AGT. As a result of our experimentations, the output of the sound pressure from the radio did not change within 5 meters radius even when the output strength(dB) of the faint electric waves from the transmitter was less than 60 dB. On the other hand,it turned out that the voice could not be listened from the radio,because the output strength of the faint electric waves rapidly decreased over 5 meters radius, and proportionally the sound strength also decreased. Less