Prehistoric Study on Polynesian Ethnogenesis

本研究是为一个广泛的研究项目进行的初步调查，目的是获得科学数据，以重建波利尼西亚人在波利尼西亚本身定居初期的民族起源过程，该阶段计划于1993年开始。主要目的是为1993、1994和1995年在库克群岛的曼盖亚岛以及斐济维提列乌北部的挖掘活动安排尽可能多的活动。在Mangaia，我们在Vairorongo考古遗址进行了一次测试挖掘，该遗址位于该岛的makatea(扩展珊瑚礁)内，旨在收集碳测年材料，并评估该遗址的广度、范围和时期，以及人类骨骼遗骸、动物遗骸和埋藏的文物的数量。通过试掘，我们发现了以下藏品，即约30具人类骨骼遗骸，约500件石器碎片，约300件贝器文物，约50件骨器文物，约5公斤动物遗骸，约20个用于测年的木炭样本，等等。在现阶段，所获得的发现肯定是南太平洋中部地区发现的最大的收藏品之一，因此该遗址应该被认为非常有希望在未来进行全面挖掘。很有可能埋藏着大量的人类骨骼遗骸，即500人或更多的遗骸，将在该地点挖掘。在富士，我们在Rakiraki地区进行了一次一般性调查，寻找考古遗址，结果，我们在该地区的纳努阿科托群岛发现了一个非常好的遗址，该遗址可能可以追溯到拉皮塔和斐济早期时期之间的某个过渡时期。因此，我们暂时决定，该遗址应是1993至1995年研究计划中出土的最佳地点。

The present research has been carried out as a preliminary survey for an extensive research project to get scientific data for reconstructing the process of ethnogenesis of polynesians at the initial stage of settlement in the polynesia proper, which is scheduled to start in 1993. The main purpose has been to arrange as many things as possible for the excavation activities in 1993, 1994 and 1995, in Mangaia Island in the Cook islands as well as in the northern part of Viti Levu in Fiji. In Mangaia we carried out a test excavation at the Vairorongo archaeological site which is situated inside the makatea (reised coral reef) of the island, aiming at collection carbon-dating materials and at the evaluation of the wideness, extent and period of the site, of the quantity of human skeletal remains, faunal remains and artefacts embedded. We found the following collection through the test excavation, that is, human skeletal remains for some 30 individuals, about 500 stone tool fragments, some 300 pieces of shell artefacts, some 50 pieces of bone artefacts, about five kilogram of faunal remains, some 20 charcoal samples for dating, and soon. At the present stage, the findings obtained must be one of the biggest collections that have been ecxavated around the area of the central part of South Pacific, so that the site should be considered very promissing for a full-scale excavation in the future. It is very possible that an enormous amount of human skeletal remains, namely for 500 individuals or more, is embedded to be excavated at the site. In Fuji we conducted a general survey around the Rakiraki district looking for archeological sites, and as a result, we found a very good site at the Nanuakoto islands in the district, the site probably dating back to some transition time between the Lapita and early Fijian periods. So we have decided provisionally that the site site should be an excellent candidate to excavate in the research project in 1993 to 1995.