Sino-Japnese cooperative studies on the genetic differentiation of Wild mice and rice.

自1983年以来，我们对中国南方（包括西藏）、北方（包括蒙古和东北）以及中国西部（兰州以西）的野生鼠种群进行了15天的遗传变异调查。对线粒体DNA、核糖体DNA、Y染色体SRY DNA、血红蛋白β（Hbb）等基因多态性的分子分析表明，家鼠（Mus musculus）存在两个主要的亚种群，即栗色组（castaneus group）和小家鼠组（musculus group）。前者主要分布在长江以南，后者主要分布在长江以北，包括东北、朝鲜半岛和日本。更详细的分析表明亚种群的进一步分化。在小家鼠亚种群中，根据形态学分类为甘肃亚种的西方种群可以用一个新的Hbbw 1来表征。中心种群为Homourus亚种，以Hbb-p为特征，东北种群包括朝鲜和日本，以Molossinus亚种为特征， ...更多信息 种，分离其特征SRYmo。在栗属亚种群中，中国南方群体和东南亚群体的线粒体DNA D-loop分析结果明显不同。值得注意的是，日本北方种群的线粒体DNA表现为后一种类型，这很可能与我国历史上人类从东南亚迁移到日本有关。东乡野生稻是最北的一个普通野生稻种群。这些植物是多年生植物，它们能在严冬季节后存活，表现出高度的耐低温性。通过在江西大学实验农场进行的杂交和选择，成功地将抗低温性转入栽培稻。尽管没有一个品种能越冬，但所选植株仍能越冬。核糖体DNA在野生稻和栽培稻中具有高度多态性。桐乡野生稻的rDNA重复序列具有在粳稻中占优势的结构，而在热带亚洲国家的野生稻中没有发现。用原位杂交（FISH）方法对rDNA重复序列进行了定位。发现变异与携带rDNA簇的染色体数目以及染色体位置有关。这一发现支持了先前的假设，即野生稻显示出高水平的遗传多样性，其潜力可能与亚洲栽培稻的多样化有关。少

Since 1983, we have surveye15d the genetic variations among the wild mouse populations in southern China including Tibet, northern China including Mongol and the Northeast, and western China far west of Lanzhou. Molecular analyzes of the genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNAs, ribosomal DNAs, Y-chromosome SRY DNAs, hemoglobin-beta(Hbb)and others, revealed the presence of two major subspecies groups in the house mouse, Mus musculus, which are castaneus group and musculus group. The former habits south of Yangtze river and the latter north of it including the Northeast, Korean peninsula and Japan. More detailed analyzes demonstrated the further differentiation of the subspecies groups. In the musculus subspecies group, western populations which were classified gansuensis subspecies based on the morphology could be characterized by a new Hbbw1. Central populations, homourus subspecies, were characterized by Hbb-p and northeastern populations including Korea and Japan, molossinus subs … More pecies, were separated by their characteristic SRYmo. In the castaneus subspecies group, southern China population and southeast Asian population were clearly discriminated by the D-loop analysis in mitochondrial DNAs. It should be noted that the northern Japanese populations show the latter type mt-DNA.This is probably related to the human movement from southeast Asia to Japan in our history.Dongxiang wild rice is the northernmost population of a common wild rice. The plants are of perennial and they survive beyond severe winter seasons showing a high degree of lowtemperature-resistance. By means of hybridization and selection carried out at an experimental farm of Jiangxi University, The resistance to low temperatures were successfully transferred into cultivated rice. The selected plants survived beyond winter in spite that none of cultivars survived beyond winter. Ribosomal DNA is highly polymorphic among wild and cultivated rice. Tongxiang wild rice carries rDNA structurse which are predominant in Japonica type of rice, although such repeats were not found in wild rice from tropical Asian countries. The location of rDNA repeats were examined by means of in situ hybridization (FISH) method. Variations were found in relation to the number of chromosomes carrying an rDNA cluster as well as chromosomal location. This finding supports the previous assumption that wild rice shows a high level of genetic diversity and its potentiality might be related to diversification of cultivated rice in Asia. Less