The Study in Types and Developmental Process of Community-Based Management

一个社区有各种各样的社区事务，必须由居民组织结合其他事件妥善管理，例如地方政府和志愿协会。以社区为基础的管理被定义为居民组织与其他代理人合作，在社区内实现更好的日常生活条件的社会活动。社区管理包括许多对象；规划土地使用，维护社区中心等当地设施，保护景观，举办社区活动等等。对于社区管理的代理人来说，驻地组织是最重要的，但这并不意味着驻地组织本身对社区管理就很重要。相反，当驻地组织能够与其他代理机构建立合作关系时，以社区为基础的管理才能发挥良好的作用。根据管理对象和代理人之间的关系，我们可以假设四种基于社区的管理类型；(1)私人财产，私人管理；(2)私人财产，公共管理；(3)公共财产，居民管理；(4)开放使用的公共财产。社区管理的发展经历了三个阶段；(1)土地社区管理，(2)财产所有者管理，(3)用户管理。

A community has various kinds of communal affairs which must be managed properly by a resident organization in conjuncture with other ahents, examples of which are local goverment and voluntary associations. Community-based management is defined as social activities which a resident organization does in cooperation with other agents to realize better conditions of everyday life in a community.Community-based management includes many objects ; planning of land use, maintenance of local facilities such as a community center, conservation of landscape, performance of community events and so on.As for agents of community-based management, a resident organization is the most important, which does not mean that a resident organization alone is important for community-based management. On the contrary, community-based management can be working well when a resident organization can build cooperative relationship with other agents.We can assume four types of community-based management in terms of relations between an object of management and an agent ; (1)private property, private management, (2)private property, public management, (3)public property, management by resident, (4)public property with open access.There are three stages in developmental process of community-based management ; (1)agrarian community management, (2)property owner's management, (3)user's management.